Two of the major themes in Aristotle’s philosophy are thought (nous) and the soul. The latter becomes in the thirteenth century a much debated problem. The heart of the controversy concerns the agent intellect. When analyzing the rational soul and its function in the process of thinking, Aristotle described the two functions of the intellect as: the intellect that makes all things and the intellect that becomes all things. However, subsequent commentators are more interested in the nature of the intellect than its function. This shift in the point of view leads to the heated debate in the thirteenth century. For according to the Commentator (Averroes), the agent intellect is divine and the possible intellect (passible intellect for Averroes) is one for all mankind. Signer of Brabant, a faithful follower of Averroes, adheres strongly to this position. It was at this critical moment when Thomas Aquinas was summoned to present his view on the problem. This paper tries to trace the development of the debate back to Aristotle and shows that the reason for the debate is the turn in the point of vies concerning the agent intellect.