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題名:A Graphic Approach to Teaching Communication-Concerned, Culture-General Constructs: Its Rationale, Design and Application
書刊名:英語教學
作者:常紹如 引用關係
作者(外文):Chang, Shau-Ju
出版日期:2007
卷期:31:1
頁次:頁1-42
主題關鍵詞:文化價值觀與信仰概括性文化內容建構跨文化溝通圖形/圖象式教學Cultural values and beliefsCultural-general constructsCross-cultural communicationGraphic approach
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  • 點閱點閱:23
文化在本地之英語教學中雖逐年受到重視,但文化教學卻常侷限於幾個傳統常見的題目,如節慶、禮節、和文學作品。這些文化內容雖兼具趣味及知識性,但仍存有數項缺點,如涵蓋範圍過於狹隘、對標地文化之著墨過於片段不全、只介紹文化內容而忽略致使其存在之時空因素,以及文化內容與語言及溝通行為間關係不夠密切等。為導正此等現象,本文提出以圖形/圖象方式來介紹文化信仰及價值觀(即所謂的深層文化)之另類教學法。此教學法於現階段先鎖定三個與溝通行為密切相關的文化類型建構--即個人/集體主義、高/低情境文化、及權力位階差異--並將其意涵以較具體之圖形/圖象方式來呈現。此圖形/圖象教學法之後實地運用於教授一暑期高中英語營之『語言與文化』課程。試教結果顯示此教學法能有效改變學習者對文化信仰及價值觀的刻板印象,即文化信仰及價值觀常抽象難懂且枯燥乏味。參與此課程之學員肯定此教學法可有效幫助記憶學習內容、分析一文化之語言行為、及提升文化學習之興趣。本文最後就如何在高中以下階段實施此教學法以及後續如何充實並進一步檢定此教學法成效等議題,提出數點建議。
Although culture has increasingly received more attention in the local English classroom, its instruction has largely been limited to such conventional topics as festivals, etiquette, and literary works. Interesting and informing as it is, culture instruction of this nature is restricted in scope, fails to put together a more comprehensive picture about the target culture, focuses only on the "what" but overlooks the "how so" element of a culture, and is often peripheral to the use of language or communication behaviors. To redress these problems, a graphic approach was conceived to impart deep culture, or cultural values and beliefs. In the current development of the approach, three communication-concerned, culture-general constructs-individualism-collectivism, high- and low-context culture, and power distance--were selected, of which the meanings are transformed into and represented by symbols and graphics to facilitate comprehension. Application of the approach at a one-time Language and Culture class of 39 senior high school students at an English camp showed that the approach was effective in modifying the learners' perceptions that cultural values and beliefs are abstruse and dull. The class attendants also confirmed that the approach could effectively help them retain their memories of the contents, assist them in analyzing language behaviors in different cultures, and prompt their interest to study cultures. Suggestions are then given about how the approach can be applied to students at a lower schooling level and how it can be further developed and tested for its teaching effects.
期刊論文
1.Matsumoto, D.(1991)。Cultural influences on facial expressions of emotion。Southern Communication Journal,56,128-137。  new window
2.Hui, C. H.、Triandis, H. C.(1986)。Individualism and collectivism: a study of cross-cultural researchers。Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,17(2),225-248。  new window
3.Thanasoulas, D.(2001)。The importance of teaching culture in the foreign language classroom。Radical Pedagogy,3(3),1-24。  new window
4.Brooks, N.(1968)。Teaching culture in the foreign language classroom。Foreign Language Annals,1,204-217。  new window
5.Adaskou, K.、Britten, D.、Fashi, B.(1990)。Design decision on the cultural content of a secondary English course for Morocco。English Language Teaching Journal,44,3-10。  new window
6.Bi, J.(1989)。A contrastive analysis of the Western and Chinese ways of thinking and its implications。Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association,24,71-96。  new window
7.Boldt, E.(1978)。Structural tightness and cross-cultural research。Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology,9,151-165。  new window
8.Chen, C.(2003)。The ''Self" in American cultural characteristics-Using comic strips to teach cultural concepts in the EFL classroom。The Hwa Kang Journal of TEFL,9,3-23。  new window
9.Yeh, C. H.(2002)。Teaching culture in language teaching。Journal of Yuanpei University of Science and Technology,9,83-92。  new window
會議論文
1.黃自來(1993)。中學英語教師文化學養檢視與強化文化教學之建議。臺北。309-335。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.Yang, C. C.(2004)。Chiayi and Tainan Elementary School English Teachers' Opinion Survey Toward Culture Teaching(碩士論文)。Nan-Tai Science University,Tainan, Taiwan。  new window
2.Chuang, C.-L.(2002)。The Teaching of Anglo-American Culture in English Classroom: A Survey of Elementary School English Teachers' Attitudes and Practices,Taipei, Taiwan。  new window
圖書
1.Gudykunst, W. B.、Ting-Toomey, S.(1988)。Culture and interpersonal communication。Culture and interpersonal communication。Newbury Park, California。  new window
2.Parsons, Talcott、Shils, Edward(1951)。Toward A General Theory of Action。Cambridge, Ill:Free press。  new window
3.Hall, Edward Twitchell(1983)。The dance of life。New York:Doubleday。  new window
4.Liddicoat, Anthony J.、Crozet, Chantal(2000)。Teaching Languages, Teaching Cultures。Melbourne:Language Australia。  new window
5.Lustig, Myron W.、Koester, Jolene(1996)。Intercultural competence: Interpersonal communication across cultures。New York, N.Y.:HarperCollins College Publishers。  new window
6.Kramsch, Claire J.(1998)。Language and Culture。Oxford University Press。  new window
7.Kluckhohn, Florence R.、Strodtbeck, Fred L.(1961)。Variations in value orientations。Evanston, IL:CT:Row, Peterson:Greenwood Press。  new window
8.Hall, Edward T.(1976)。Beyond Culture。Garden City, New York:Anchor Press:Doubleday。  new window
9.Parsons, Talcott(1951)。Social System。New York:Glencoe, Ill:Free Press。  new window
10.Stewart, Edward C.、Bennett, Milton J.(1991)。American cultural patterns: A cross-cultural perspective。Yarmouth, ME:Intercultural Press。  new window
11.Kramsch, Claire J.(1993)。Context and culture in language teaching。Oxford University Press。  new window
12.Hofstede, Geert H.(1980)。Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values。Beverly Hills, California:Sage。  new window
13.Triandis, Harry Charalambos(1995)。Individualism and collectivism。Westview Press。  new window
14.Hanvey, Robert(1979)。Cross-Cultural Awareness。Toward Internationalism。Boston。  new window
15.Andersen, P. A.(1988)。Explaining intercultural differences in nonverbal communication。Intercultural Communication: A Reader。Belmont, CA。  new window
16.Andersen, P. A.(1997)。Cues of culture: The basis of intercultural differences in nonverbal communication。Intercultural Communication: A Reader。Belmont, CA。  new window
17.Argyle, M.(1975)。Bodily communication。Bodily communication。New York。  new window
18.Condon, J. C.、Yousef, F. S.(1975)。An introduction to intercultural communication。An introduction to intercultural communication。New York。  new window
19.Galloway, V. B.(1997)。Toward a cultural reading of authentic texts。Pathways to culture: readings on teaching culture in the foreign language class。Yarmouth, ME。  new window
20.Seelye, H. N.(1993)。Teaching cultures: Strategies for intercultural communication。Teaching cultures: Strategies for intercultural communication。Skokie, Illinois。  new window
21.Storti, C.(2001)。Old world, new world。Old world, new world。Yarmouth, Maine。  new window
22.Ting-Tommey, S.(1985)。Toward a theory of conflict and culture。Communication, culture, and organizational processes。Newbury Park, California。  new window
23.Ting-Toomey, S.(1990)。Intergroup diplomatic communication: A face-negotiation perspective。Communication for peace。Newbury Park, California。  new window
24.Tomkins, S. S.(1984)。Affect theory。Approaches to emotion。Hillsdale, New Jersey。  new window
25.Triandis, H. C.(1986)。Collectivism vs. individualism: A reconceptualization of a basic concept in cross-cultural psychology。Personality, cognition, and values: Cross-cultural perspectives of childhood and adolescence。New York。  new window
其他
1.教育部(2003)。國民中學九年一貫課程暫行綱要。  延伸查詢new window
2.教育部(2006)。高級中學英文科課程標準。  延伸查詢new window
圖書論文
1.Ting-Toomey, Stella(1988)。Intercultural Conflict Styles: A Face-negotiation Theory。Theories in Intercultural Communication。Sage。  new window
2.Hofstede, G.(1983)。Dimensions of national cultures in fifty countries and three regions。Explications in cross-cultural psychology。Lisse, Netherlands:Swets and Zeitlinger。  new window
3.Ting-Toomey, S.、Cocroft, B. A.(1994)。Face and facework: Theoretical and research issues。The challenge of facework: Cross-cultural and interpersonal issues。Albany, New York:SUNY Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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