目標：比較腹膜透析(PD)與血液透析(HD)患者在全民健保醫療資源 (費用) 的利用 (包括透析及非透析部份) 是否有所差異？同時亦分析性別、年齡、疾病嚴重度等變項對不同透析模式費用的影響。 方法：本研究為回溯性研究，利用全民健保資料庫篩選出2003至2005年間初次接受透析治療患者連續30個月之醫療費用資料進行統計分析。 結果：經分析結果共有2,407位初次透析患者，其中男性1,069人 (44.4%)，女性1,338人 (55.6%)；接受「HD」治療者2,189人 (90.94%)；接受「PD」治療者218人 (9.06%)。透析患者的平均年齡以45至64歲的年齡層最多，佔所有研究對象之46.28%。患者之Charlson Index平均為5.06分。門診透析平均每人醫療費用PD為459,843元/年，HD為618,306元/年；門診非透析平均每人醫療費用PD為47,388元/年，HD為45,761元/年；住院透析平均每人醫療費用PD為9,504元/年，HD為18,981元/年；住院非透析平均每人醫療費用PD為37,531元/年，HD為40,712元/年。 結論：PD的門診及住院透析平均每人醫療費用均比HD低，並達到顯著性的差異 (p＜0.001)，惟PD患者的年齡與疾病嚴重度相對的比HD患者輕，而在門診及住院非透析費用部份，HD與PD則無顯著差異。

Objectives: To compare utilization of National Health Insurance (NHI) resources in terms of health expenses, including dialysis- and non-dialysis-related expenses, between hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. This study also analyzed the influence of different variables, such as gender, age, and disease severity, to two modalities of dialysis. Methods: This study was a retrospective study of new dialyzed patients and their health expenses between 2003 and 2005. Data were abstracted and analyzed from the inpatient /outpatient claim databases of the NHI for 30 consecutive months. Results: Two thousand four hundred seven patients were included in this study; 1,069 (44.4%) were males and 1,338 (55.6%) were females. Two thousand one hundred eighty-nine patients (90.94%) were classified as the “HD” group and two hundred eighteen patients (9.06%) were classified as the “PD” group. Most patients belonged to the 45-64 age group (46.28% of the total sample). The average Charlson Index was 5.06. The average individual outpatient dialysis expense in the PD group was NT$459,843/year and NT$618,306/year for the HD group. The average individual outpatient non-dialysis expense in the PD group was NT$47,388/year and NT$45,761/ year for the HD group. The average individual inpatient dialysis expense in the PD group was NT$9,504/year and NT$18,981/year for the HD group. The average individual inpatient non-dialysis expense in the PD group was NT$ 37,531/year and NT$40, 712/year for the HD group. Conclusions: The individual outpatient and inpatient dialysis-related expenses of the PD group were significantly less expensive than the HD group (p<0.001). However, PD patients were younger and had milder disease severity than the HD patients. There were no significant differences in outpatient and inpatient No-ndialysis-related expenses between the PD and HD groups.