By exploring The Orphan of China in the social scenarios of both Chinese and English gender ideologies in terms of the reciprocal relationships between women and the sites of power, this essay discusses the radical departure of Murphy’s play from his contemporary Europeans’ notions of Chinese women in Confucian society. Murphy’s tragedy conflates the Chinese heroine’s political and domestic confinements into the antithesis of the emerging gender trend in eighteenth-century England, and uniquely denounces Chinese gender practices through the heroine. Significantly different from the Jesuits and other European critics in the eighteenth century, Murphy draws on gender ideologies and practices as the predominant factors on which he bases his criticism of Chinese culture.