本文主要是針對我國刑事訴訟法第253、254條所規定之相對不起訴處分，檢視分析其要件，並對實務與學說見解上的歧異，提出本文的看法，以供作日後修法之參考建議。其次，本文對提起再議，尤其是對再議權人所衍生的問題，也一一分析，並主張修法時，增列被告及移案之司法警察（官）之再議權。再者，本文對現行刑事訴訟法所規定之相對不起訴效果，諸如：第253、253-2、256、259、259-1等條文，也做了深入檢討分析。最後，本文以不起訴處分是否應有實體確定力，來做總結，以期學說與實務再次思考此一關於不起訴處分之重大議題。

The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze essentials of ”relative nonprosecution” regulated by Articles 253 and 254 in criminal procedure law of the Republic of China and then provide viewpoints on discrepancies between the practice and the academia. Hopefully, these viewpoints can aid future amendment. The secondary aim is to explore problems resulting from ”appeal against nonprosecution” and propose adding rights of ”appeal against nonprosecution” respectively for the accused and the judicial police to whom a case is transferred when relevant articles are amended. Also, this study examines and discusses in depth effects of ”relative nonprosecution” in the current ROC criminal procedure law, such as Articles 253, 253-2, 256, 259, and 259-1. Lastly, the study probes and poses questions on ”material finality of nonprosecution.” Hopefully, they can inspire both the practice and the academia to re-ponder over the significant issues related to nonprosecution.