本研究目的旨在探討不同競爭情境對國小學童排球低手學習表現的影響。受試者爲南投縣竹山國小的學生112名（男生56，女生56），並將受試者隨機平均分配爲團體競爭組、個人競爭組、自我競爭組與控制組。實驗項目爲排球低手向上擊球。經過六週的實驗練習後，所得結果爲：一、團體競爭組、個人競爭組及自我競爭組之前測、後測成績有顯著差異。二、自我競爭組之學習進步成績有顯著性差異，自我競爭組之學習效果明顯優於控制組之學習效果。三、團體競爭組、個人競爭組及自我競爭組之前測、保留效果成績有顯著差異。四、自我競爭組保留效果之進步成績有顯著性差異，自我競爭組之學習保留效果明顯優於控制組之學習保留效果。研究者針對研究結果提出有關結果的應用及未來研究的建議。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of different competitive situations on elementary school students learning volleyball underhand skills. The subjects are 112 students (56 boys, 56 girls) from Jhushan Elementary School, Nantou County. They are assigned averagely and randomly and randomly into team competition group, individual competition group, self competition group and control group. The experiment item is to hit the volleyball. After six-week experimental practice, the results are as follows: 1. pre-tests and post-tests have distinctive differences in the groups of team competion, individual competition and self competition. 2. Getting better grades is distinctive in self competition group., the learning effects of self competition group is obviously better than that of the control group. 3. The pre-tests and the grades that retain are distinctive in team competition group, individual competition group and self competition group. 4. Making progess in grades that retain is distinctive in self competition group, the effect of learning retention in self competition group is better than that in control group. According to the research results, researchers propose result-related applications and suggestions for future studies.