在人類文明史上，宗教與科學是對人類生活最具影響力的勢力。兩者始終有著既各自發展又彼此對立的關係。懷德海在其《科學與現代世界》(Science and the Modern World)一書「宗教與科學」(”Religion and Science”)專章，曾對此一關係予以睿智的評估。之前提出「上帝」(”God”)專章，乃至其後在《歷程與真際》(Process and Reality)演繹出一「萬有在神論」(panentheism)的自然神學(natural theology)之說，皆在力圖化解宗教與科學的對立，進而化解自十七世紀科學興起以來，西方文明人文與科技、精神與物質、心靈與自然種種對立。如何在科技時代維護宗教精神與本質，正是懷德海所認為現代生活的重大課題。

Religion and science are the most powerful forces in the development of human history. There seemed to be mutual independent developments of two and much antagonism between the two as well. In the twelfth chapter of Science and the Modern World, one of the renowned works of A. N. Whitehead, a concise and insightful evaluation of the relations between religion and science was given. The present paper is an attempt to introduce Whitehead's ideas of religion, and of science, and of the relations between the two in general, so as to provide us a comprehensive perspective in reconciling the conflictions between religion and science caused by the dominance either of religion or of science and technology ever since seventeenth century.