不是妖怪，而是社區媽媽：論愛麗絲．沃克《瑪莉荻安》的自我實現_

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題名：	不是妖怪，而是社區媽媽：論愛麗絲．沃克《瑪莉荻安》的自我實現
書刊名：	女學學誌：婦女與性別研究
作者：	陳淑玲
作者(外文)：	Chen, Shu-ling
出版日期：	2007
卷期：	23
頁次：	頁35-69
主題關鍵詞：	愛麗絲．沃克；瑪莉荻安；黑人母職；社區媽媽；女人主義者；自我實現；Alice Walker；Meridian；Black motherhood；Community othermother；Womanist；Self-realization
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:10 點閱:40

集詩人、小說家、評論家、及散文家等於一身的非裔美籍名作家愛麗絲‧沃克，向來繫念她同胞的精神存亡。她尤其致力於探索非裔美籍女性的生活。在這部有關非裔美國人的民權運動、女性主義、社會主義、及母系傳統等的小說《瑪莉荻安》中，沃克描繪了本質上是矛盾的黑人母職的制度，對非裔美籍女性的影響。本文試圖闡述書中女主角瑪莉荻安實現自我的經歷及其對社區的影響。除了檢視她對女性是沒大腦的身體，是性交對象的刻板印象的質疑外，更深入探究她拒絕接受被理想化、強調自我犧牲、無我的黑人母職，以及她延伸母職的意義，並藉由承擔促進整個非裔美國人民福祉的社區媽媽的角色，為他們身體及精神的存活奉獻，去實現自我。再者，她刺激整個社區，去用一個女人主義者的觀點，重新定義黑人母職及看待黑人女性，而她的自我實現更帶動了杜魯門‧黑爾德的轉變。　　本文分為四部分，首先簡介沃克創作及其女人主義理念。第二部分主要討論安菊‧芮曲對母職鞭辟入裏的見解，以及派翠西亞西爾‧柯林斯與芭芭拉‧柯莉斯蒂安對黑人母職意義的論述。接著分析瑪莉荻安因意外生子而無我，因此拒絕母職以保自我，並由重新定義母職實現自我的經歷，尚會顧及她與包含她母親在內的社區的關聯。最後闡明瑪莉荻安身為社區媽媽對社區，尤其是杜魯門的影響。

以文找文

Deeply concerned for the survival of her people, renowned African American writer, Alice Walker, whose works are both political and aesthetically beautiful, is committed to exploring the lives of black women. In Meridian, a novel about, among other things, the Civil Rights Movement, feminism, and matrilineal heritage, Walker depicts the impact of black motherhood, a fundamentally contradictory institution, on black women. This paper attempts to discuss the title character Meridian's journey to self-realization and its effect on her community. It will analyze how she refuses play the part of the idealized, selfless, and selfsacrificing black mother, redefines motherhood, and takes on the role of the empowering community other mother, striving for the physical and spiritual survival of her people and mothering the mind of both children and adults to achieve self-realization. It proposes that Meridian stimulates the black community to contemplate critically the restrictive institution of black motherhood and redefine it through a womanist perspective; it also contends that her self-realization inspires Truman to face his own limitations and contradictions, leading him to change. This paper is divided into five sections. I begins with a brief introduction on Walker and her ideas concerning the womanist perspective. It then probes the meanings of motherhood and black motherhood, focusing on the theories of Adrienne Rich, Patricia Hil1 Collins, and Barbara Christian. The third section follows the transformation of Meridian from being trapped in gender roles, especially in motherhood, to a selffulfilling individual. Itwi1l also incorporate her relationships with her mother and the community. The fourth section analyzes Meridian's inf1uence on the black community, especially Truman. It concludes with some thoughts on how we can learn from Meridian's solution and vision of self-realization, and create a better society.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Hendrickson, Roberta M.(1999)。Remembering the Dream: Alice Walker, Meridian and the Civil Rights Movement。MELUS，24(3)，111-128。
2.	Danielson, S.(1989)。Alice Walker's Meridian, feminism, and the movement。Women's studies，16，317-330。
3.	King, D. K.(1988)。Multiple jeopardy, multiple consciousness: The context of a black feminist ideology。Signs，14(1)，42-72。
4.	Walker, A.(1979)。One child of one's own。Ms.，8(2)，72-75。
5.	唐文慧、游美惠(20020600)。社會母職--女性主義媽媽的願景。婦女與性別研究通訊，63，13-15。延伸查詢

圖書
1.	Walker, Alice(1983)。In Search Of Our Mothers' Gardens。Harcourt Brace Jovanovich。
2.	Oakley, A.(1974)。Woman's work: The housewife, past and present。New York：Pantheon Books。
3.	Walker, A.(1976)。Meridian。New York：Pocket Books。
4.	White, E. C.(2004)。Alice Walker: A life。New York：W.W. Norton & Company。
5.	Fanon, Frantz、Markmann, Charles Lam(1967)。Black Skin, White Masks。New York：Grove Press。
6.	Rich, Adrienne Cecile(1986)。Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution。W. W. Norton & Co.。
7.	Chodorow, Nancy J.(1978)。The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Sociology of Gender。University of California Press。
8.	Chodorow, Nancy J.、張君玫(2003)。母職的再生產：心理分析與性別社會學。群學出版有限公司。延伸查詢
9.	Firestone, Shulamith(1970)。The Dialectic of Sex: The Case For Feminist Revolution。New York：Bantam Books。

圖書論文
1.	Collins, Patricia Hill(1994)。Shifting the Center: Race, Class, and Feminist Theorizing about Motherhood。Mothering: Ideology, Experience, and Agency。New York：Routledge。
2.	Morrison, Toni(1984)。Rootedness: The ancestor as foundation。Black women writers (1950-1980): A critical evaluation。Garden City, NY：Anchor。
3.	Allan, T. J.(1995)。Introduction。Womanist and feminist aesthetics: a comparative review。Athens：Ohio University Press。
4.	Alien, J.(1984)。Motherhood: The annihilation of women。Mothering: Essays in feminist theory。Rowman & Allanheld Publishers。
5.	Berlant, L.(1993)。Race, gender, and nation in The Color Purple。Alice Walker: Critical perspectives past and present。New York：Amistad。
6.	Bulter-Evans, E.(1993)。History and genealogy in Walker's The Third Life of Grange Copeland and Meridian。Alice Walker: Critical perspectives past and present。New York：Amistad。
7.	Christian, B.(1993)。Novels for everyday use。Alice Walker: Critical perspectives past and present。New York：Amistad。
8.	Christian, B.(1997)。Alice Walker: The black woman artist as wayward。Black feminist criticism: Perspectives on black women writers。New York：Teachers College Press。
9.	Christian, B.(1997)。An angle of seeing: Motherhood in Buchi Emecheta's Joys of Motherhood and Alice Walker's Meridian。Black feminist criticism: Perspectives on black women writers。New York：Teachers College Press。
10.	Collins, P. H.(1991)。Defining black feminist thought。Black Feminist Thought: Knowledge, Consciousness, and the Politics of Empowerment。New York：Routledge。
11.	Collins, P. H.(1991)。The meaning of motherhood in black culture and black mother-daughter relationships。Double stitch: Black women write about mothers and daughters。Boston：Beacon Press。
12.	Collins, P. H.(1991)。The power of self-definition。Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment。New York：Routledge。
13.	Collins, P. H.(2000)。Black women and motherhood。Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment。New York：Routledge。
14.	Daly, B. O.(1991)。Teaching Alice Walker's Meridian: Civil rights according to mothers。Narrating mothers: Theorizing maternal subjectivities。Knoxville：The University of Tennessee Press。
15.	Dubey, M.(1994)。A crazy quilt: The multivalent pattern of Meridian。Black women novelists and the nationalist aesthetic。Bloomington：Indiana UP。
16.	Fish, B.、Becky, D.(2002)。Biography of Alice Walker。Alice Walker。Philadelphia：Chelsea House Publishers。
17.	Glenn, E. N.(1994)。Social constructions of mothering: A thematic overview。Mothering: Ideology, experience, and agency。Routledge。
18.	James, S. M.(1993)。Mothering: A possible black feminist link to social transformation?。Theorizing black feminisms: The visionary pragmatism of black women。New York：Routledge。
19.	Joseph, G. I.(1986)。Black mothers and daughters: Their roles and functions in American society。Common differences: Conflicts in black and white feminist perspectives。Boston：South End Press。
20.	McDowell, D. E.(1993)。The self in bloom: Walker's Meridian。Alice Walker: Critical perspectives past and present。New York：Amistad。
21.	O'Brien, J.(1993)。Alice Walker: An interview。Alice Walker: Critical perspectives past and present。New York：Amistad。
22.	Smith, B.(1994)。Toward a black feminist criticism。Within the Circle: An Anthology of African American Literary Criticism from the Harlem Renaissance to the Present。Durham：Duke University Press。
23.	Steinem, G.、Hayes, Diana L.(1998)。Womanism。The reader's companion to U.S. women history。New York：Houghton Mifflin Company。
24.	Warren, N.(1999)。Resistant mothers in Alice Walker's Meridian and Tina McElroy Ansa's Ugly Ways。Southern mothers: Fact and fictions in southern women's writing。Baton Rouge, LA：Louisiana State UP。
25.	Washington, M. H(1993)。An essay on Alice Walker。Alice Walker: Critical perspectives past and present。New York：Amistad。
26.	Wilson, S.(1993)。A conversation with Alice Walker。Alice Walker: Critical perspectives past and present。New York：Amistad。
27.	王瑞香(2004)。基進女性主義。女性主義理論與流派。台北：女書文化事業有限公司。延伸查詢
28.	邱貴芬(2000)。後殖民女性主義：性別、階級、族群與國家。女性主義理論與流派。臺北：女書文化。延伸查詢

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