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題名:英國浪漫時期科學觀的天空畫論--由Cozens天空構圖到Ruskin雲的透視
書刊名:中山人文學報
作者:李淑卿 引用關係
作者(外文):Lee, Shwu-ching
出版日期:2008
卷期:25
頁次:頁111-150
主題關鍵詞:天空畫論寇任斯寇克斯羅斯金Art treatises on skiesAlexander CozensDavid CoxJohn Ruskin
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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英國浪漫時期因時代背景、思潮與種種藝術環境的刺激,促使天空題材的重要性在西洋風景畫史上達到顛峰期,當時很多畫家與藝評家視「天空」爲一幅畫的重心。而最能直接反應此時期畫家重視天空角色的事實,除了當時天空習作的大量出現,即是天空畫論的突增。本文主旨在耙梳此時期有關天空的論述,再經逐一分析且比較,探究出這些論述最明顯的特色是以科學觀點貫穿其間,且涵蓋三項共通的論點:主張天空是一幅風景畫的重心;強調天空變幻萬千,需客觀仔細觀察:提出客觀描繪天空的方法、建議,或甚至範例圖。而其中以寇任斯(A. Cozens)、寇克斯(D. Cox)及羅斯金(J. Ruskin)三畫家圖文並重的論述最具代表性,幾乎各自代表此時期天空畫論在各階段的特色。由初期著重天空構圖,中期強調雲的型態、色彩與光線,到晚期提出雲的透視,正顯示出英國浪漫時期天空畫論由簡單趨複雜而艱澀的發展。此外,亦探討出這些畫論大都具有激發、倡導,或是幫助學習者和書家實際創作天空的功能。
The role of the sky in British landscape painting works up to a climax during the Romantic era, and the most direct evidence of the phenomenon is the abrupt increase of both sky studies and art treatises on skies. The aim of this essay is to dig out these sky treatises and analyze them. After studying these treatises, we can find chat almost every treatise is based on the scientific point of view, and shares three major points to the others: emphasising the key role of the sky in a landscape painting; accentuating the necessity of the keen observation to the ever-changing skies; pointing out the methods, suggestions, or even illustrations of how to depict skies. The treatises with instructive illustrations on skies written separately by Alexander Cozens, David Cox, and John Ruskin, are the most important, each of winch would just represent the different stages of the Romantic era, emphasizing from sky-composition, to types, colours, and light of cloud, then cloud-perspective. Obviously, it reveals that the development of sky treatises during Romantic era is from simple to complicate, then difficult. Moreover, we find that most sky treatises of this period had certain effects on the learners and artists of the time.
期刊論文
1.Bermingham, Ann(198703)。Reading Constable。Art History,10(1),38-58。  new window
2.李淑卿(20060600)。藝術與科學的融合:英國浪漫時期的天空習作。中山人文學報,22,31-76。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Hawes, Louis(1969)。Constable's Sky Sketches。Journal of Warburg and Courtauld Institutes,32,344-365。  new window
4.Esmeijer, Ank C.(1977)。Cloudscapes in Theory and Practice。Simiolus: Quarterly for the History,9(3),123-148。  new window
5.Pidgley, Michael(1972)。Cornelius Varley, Cotman, and the Graphic Telescope。Burlington Magazine,114(836),781-786。  new window
6.李淑卿(1999)。John Constable天空風格之發展─兼論其創作Hampstead天空習作之因。國立中正大學學報,10(1),109-158。  延伸查詢new window
7.Gedzelman, Stanley D.(1989)。Cloud Classification Before Luke Howard。Bulletin American Meteorological Society,70(4),381-395。  new window
8.Varley, Cornelius(1807)。Meteorological Observations on a Thunder Storm: with some Remarks on Medical Electricity。The Philosophical Magazine,27,115-121。  new window
9.Thornes, John E.(1984)。Luke Howard's Influence on Art and Literature in the Early Nineteenth Century。Weather,39,252-255。  new window
10.Varley, Cornelius(1807)。On Atomospheric Phaenomena: Particularly the Formation of Clouds; Permanence; their Percipitation in Rain, Snow, and Hail; and the Consequent Rise of their Barometer。The Philosophical Magaznie,27,115-121。  new window
11.Howards, Luke(1803)。On the Modifications of Clouds, and on the Principles of their Production, Suspension, and Destruction。The Philosophical Magazine,16/17。  new window
12.李淑卿(2006)。風雨交加─David Cox的天空。國立中央大學人文學報,30,139-207。new window  延伸查詢new window
13.李淑卿(2004)。光輝多彩的天國─嵌畫中的天空(A. D. 313-730)。藝術評論,15,151-189。new window  延伸查詢new window
圖書
1.Cox, Trenchard(1947)。David Cox。David Cox。London。  new window
2.Knight, R. Payne(1808)。An Analytical Inquiry into the Principles of Taste。London。  new window
3.De Piles, Roger(1743)。Principles of Painting。London:Golden Ball。  new window
4.Thornes, John E.(1999)。John Constable’s Skies: A Fusion of Art and Science。Birmingham:U of Birmingham P。  new window
5.Oppe, A. P.(1952)。Alexander and John Robert Cozens。London。  new window
6.Brown, Christopher(1986)。Dutch Landscape: The Early Years Haarlem and Amsterdam 1590-1650。London:The National Gallery。  new window
7.Robinson, M.(1974)。Van de Velde Drawings。Cambridge。  new window
8.Cook, E. T.、Wedderburn, A.(1903)。The Works of John Ruskin。George Allen。  new window
9.Parris, Leslie、Fleming-Williams, Ian、Shields, Conal(1976)。Constable: Paintings, Watercolours and Drawings。London。  new window
10.Leonardo, Vinci da(1965)。Leonardo Da Vinci on Painting: A Lost Book (LIBRO A)。London。  new window
11.de Lairesse, Gerard(1738)。The Art of Painting。London。  new window
12.Taylor, Charles(1815)。Familiar Treatise on Drawing: for Youth。Londno:G. Brimmer, Water Lane, Fleet St.。  new window
13.Ruskin, John(1900)。Modern Painters。London。  new window
14.Dougall, J.(1817)。The Cabinet of the Arts。London:T. Kinnersley, Acton place, Kingsland Rd。  new window
15.Reiman, Donald H.、Powers, Sharon B.(1977)。Shelley’s Poetry and Prose。Shelley’s Poetry and Prose。New York/London。  new window
16.Gage, John(1969)。A Decade of English Naturalism 1810-1820, exh. cat.。A Decade of English Naturalism 1810-1820, exh. cat.。Norwich/London。  new window
17.Leonardo, Vinci da(1956)。Treatise on Painting。Treatise on Painting。Princeton, New Jersey。  new window
18.Damisch, Hubert、Lloyd, Janet(2002)。A Theory of /Cloud/: Toward a History of Painting。Stanford University Press。  new window
19.Badt, Kurt、Godman, Stanley(1950)。John Constable's Clouds。London:Routledge & Kegan Paul。  new window
20.Brown, David Blayney(1991)。Oil Sketches from Nature: Turner and His Contemporaries。London:Tate Gallery。  new window
21.Gilpin, William(1794)。Three Essays: on Picturesque Beauty; on Picturesque Travel; and on Sketching Landscape。London:R. Blamire。  new window
22.Gombrich, Ernst Hans(1988)。Art and Illusion: A Study in the Psychologyof Pictorial Representation。Oxford:Phaidon。  new window
23.Klonk, Charlotte(1996)。Science and the Perception of Nature: British Landscape Art in the Late Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Centuries。New Haven:Yale UP。  new window
24.Leslie, C. R.(1980)。Memoirs of the Life of John Constable。Oxford:Phaidon Press Ltd.。  new window
25.Greynolds, Graham(1984)。The Later Paintings and Drawings of John Constable。The Later Paintings and Drawings of John Constable。New Haven:London:Yale UP。  new window
26.Story, A. T.(1892)。The Life of John Linnell。London:Bentley and Son。  new window
27.Lister, Raymond(1984)。Samuel Palmer and “The Ancient”。Cambridge:London:Cambridge UP。  new window
28.Sloan, Kin(1980)。Alexander and John Robert Cozens; The Poetry of Landcape。Alexander and John Robert Cozens; The Poetry of Landcape。New Haven, London。  new window
29.Whitley, William T.(1930)。Art in England 1821-1837。Art in England 1821-1837。London。  new window
30.Whitley, William T.(1928)。Art in England 1800-1820。Art in England 1800-1820。London。  new window
31.de Vinci, Leonardo(1721)。Treatise on Painting。Treatise on Painting。London。  new window
32.Varley, John。A Treatise on the Principles of Landscape Design。A Treatise on the Principles of Landscape Design。London。  new window
33.Taylor, Charles(1808)。Artists' Repository and Encyclopedia of the Fine Arts。Artists' Repository and Encyclopedia of the Fine Arts。London。  new window
34.Taylor, Charles(1793)。The Landscape Magazine。The Landscape Magazine。London。  new window
35.Sloan, Kin(1986)。Alexander and John Robert Cozens: The Poetry of Landscape。New Haven。  new window
36.Penny, Nicholas(1997)。Ruskin's Drawings。Ruskin's Drawings。Oxford。  new window
37.Parris, Leslie、Fleming-Williams, Ian、Shields, Conal(1975)。John Constable, Further Documents and Correspondence。John Constable, Further Documents and Correspondence。London。  new window
38.Oram, William A.(1810)。Precepts and Observations on the Art of Colouring in Landscape Painting。London:Richard Taylor and Co. Shoe Lane。  new window
39.Nicholson, Francis(1823)。Drawing and Painting Landscape from Nature。Drawing and Painting Landscape from Nature。London。  new window
40.Kauffmann, C. M.(1984)。John Varley, 1778-1842。John Varley, 1778-1842。London。  new window
41.Howard, Luke(1820)。The Climate of London。The Climate of London。London。  new window
42.Harrison, C.、Wood, P.、Gaiger, J.(1998)。Art in Theory 1815-1900: An Anthology of Changing Ideas。Art in Theory 1815-1900: An Anthology of Changing Ideas。Malden/Oxford/Victoria/Berlin。  new window
43.Harding, J. D.(1845)。The Principles and Practice of Art。The Principles and Practice of Art。London。  new window
44.Forster, Thomas(1815)。Researches about Atmospheric Phenomena。Researches about Atmospheric Phenomena。London。  new window
45.Cozens, Alexander。A New Method of Assisting the Invention in Drawing Original Compositions of Landscape。A New Method of Assisting the Invention in Drawing Original Compositions of Landscape。London。  new window
46.Cox, David(1922)。A Treatise on Landscape Painting。A Treatise on Landscape Painting。London。  new window
47.Bury, Adrian(1946)。John Varley of the "Old Society"。John Varley of the "Old Society"。Leigh-on-Sea。  new window
48.Burnet, John(1849)。Landscape Parinting in Oil Colours。Landscape Parinting in Oil Colours。London。  new window
其他
1.Gilpin, Sawrey。Essay on Landscape Colouring。  new window
圖書論文
1.Lyles, Anne(2000)。‘That immense canopy’: Studies of Sky and Cloud by British Artists c. 1770-1860。Constable’s Clouds: Paintings and Cloud Studies by John Constable。Exhibition Catalogue, National Galleries of Scotland and National Museums and Galleries on Merseyside。  new window
 
 
 
 
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