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題名:共感與超感性者 : 鑑賞判斷的規範性
書刊名:國立臺灣大學哲學論評
作者:鄭志忠 引用關係
作者(外文):Jeng, Jyh-jong
出版日期:2009
卷期:37
頁次:頁43-119
主題關鍵詞:共感超感性者鑒賞判斷規範性模態必然性Sensus communisThe supersensibleJudgment of tasteNormativityModalityNecessity
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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  • 共同引用共同引用:5
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本文反對將鑑賞判斷的規範性建立在道德上。主要的進路是:藉 由鑑賞判斷的模態環節的特殊地位與功能來闡明審美規範性的獨特性,即鑑賞判斷的規範性內容構成判斷本身的內容;藉由明辨「構成性的」/「規約性的」的這個區分在兩個不同的脈絡之運用--即不僅用來區分知性法則和理性原則,同時也用來區分數學性法則和力學性法則--,以便嚴格區分兩種不同的共感:純粹的和理想的共感。「純粹的共感」是構想力與知性的自由遊戲的結果,它既是一種情感,也是一種感受能力(鑑賞力),而且又是判斷的構成性規範與原則。「理想的共感」則是「純粹的共感」與道德情感的先天連結,它是構想力、知性與理性協調一致的結果。就規範性效力而言,純粹的共感類比於知性的力學性法則(例如,自然因果律);但理想的共感對於鑑賞判斷卻只是規約性的,就如理性原則對於經驗判斷一樣。美能夠象徵道德,正是因為美感本身是純粹的,不是反過來;否則的話,鑑賞力的自律將遭受侵犯。「理想的共感」可以用來引導鑑賞力合目的性地自我銳利與純化,以便藉此提高人性,使得一個合乎道德理想的人文世界的建立「實用地」變得可能。本文最後,診斷康德為什麼彷彿」將美建立在道德上的理由,其實就在於他的批判的自然目的論的「實用意義」中。
This paper argues against grounding the normativity of the judgment of taste on morality, and argues that the uniqueness of aesthetic normativity can be clarified through the distinctive status and function of the modality of the judgment of taste, and that the normative content of the judgment of taste constitutes the content of the judgment itself. Two distinct notions of sensus communis-pure sensus communis and ideal sensus communis—are strictly discriminated by applying the constitutive/regulative distinction, which can be seen in the following two contexts: the distinction between law of understanding and principle of reason, and the distinction between mathematical law and dynamic law. ‘Pure sensus communis’ is the effect of the free play of imagination and understanding; it is not only a feeling, but also a capacity for feeling (taste) and a constitutive norm and principle of the judgment. ‘Ideal sensus communis’ is the a priori connection between pure sensus communis and moral feeling; it is the effect of the harmony among imagination, understanding and reason. With respect to the normative force, pure sensus communis is analogous to dynamic law of understanding (for example, the law of causality); nevertheless, ideal sensus communis is regulative for the judgment of taste, just as principle of reason is regulative for empirical judgment. Beauty can symbolize morality precisely because the pleasure of taste is pure, but not vice versa; otherwise the autonomy of taste would be violated. Taste can be guided in its purposive self-sharpening and self-purifying by ideal sensus communis to enhance humanity, so that it becomes “pragmatically” possible to ground a world in concordance with moral ideal through the enhancement of humanity. In the end, this paper argues that the reason why Kant seems to ground beauty on morality lies in the pragmatic significance of his critical natural teleology.
期刊論文
1.鄭志忠(20090800)。自由遊戲與美的形式--康德論鑑賞判斷。東吳哲學學報,20,1-50。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.鄭志忠(20090200)。自由遊戲與美的形式--康德論鑑賞判斷。東吳哲學學報,19,105-142。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.張鼎國(20050100)。指南山麓論「指南」:康德哲學中「啟蒙」與「思想中定向」問題的探討。國立政治大學哲學學報,13,63-97。new window  延伸查詢new window
4.Ameriks, Karl(1982)。How to Save Kant's Deduction of Taste。Journal of Value Inquiry,16(4),295-302。  new window
5.Elliott, Raymond K.(1968)。The Unity of Kant's "Critique of Aesthetic Judgment"。British Journal of Aesthetics,8(3),244-259。  new window
6.Rogerson, Kenneth F.(1982)。The Meaning of Universal Validity in Kant's Aesthetics。The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism,40(3),301-308。  new window
7.Aquila, Richard(1979)。A New Look at Kant's Aesthetic Judgments。Kant-Studien,70(1)/70(4),17-34。  new window
8.MacMillian, Claude(1985)。Kant's Deduction of Pure Aesthetic Judgement。Kant-Studien,76,43-54。  new window
9.Ginsborg, Hannah(2006)。Aesthetic Judgment and Perceptual Normativity。Inquiry,49(5),403-437。  new window
10.Ameriks, Karl(1983)。Kant and the Objectivity of Taste。British Journal of Aesthetics,23(1),3-17。  new window
11.Henckmann, Wolfhart(1971)。Das Problem der ästhetischen Wahrnehmung in Kants Ästhetik。Philosophisches Jahrbuch,78,323-359。  new window
12.鄭志宗(2006)。康德的自然合目的性原則的實用意義。揭諦學刊,10,73-151。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.Makkai, Katalin(2001)。Object, Subject, and the Other. Aesthetic Conditions of Judgment in Kant's Critique of Judgment,Cambrige, Mass。  new window
圖書
1.Kant, Immanuel(2001)。Kritik der Urteilskraft。Hamburg:Felix Meiner Verlag。  new window
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3.Kant, Immanuel(1992)。判斷力之批判。判斷力之批判。臺北。  延伸查詢new window
4.Kant, Immanuel(1990)。Kritik der reinen Vernunft。Hamburg。  new window
5.Crawford, Donald W.(1974)。Kant's Aesthetic Theory。Madison:Wisconsin University Press。  new window
6.Kant, Immanuel(1990)。Kritik der Urteilskraft。Hamburg:Felix Meiner Verlag。  new window
7.Kant, Immanuel、鄧曉芒(2002)。判斷力批判。人民出版社。  延伸查詢new window
8.Guyer, Paul(1997)。Kant and the Claims of Taste。Cambridge: Mass:Harvard niversity Press。  new window
9.Kant, Immanuel、Guyer, Paul、Matthews, Eric(2000)。Critique of the power of judgment。Cambridge University Press。  new window
10.Allison, Henry E.(2001)。Kant's Theory of Taste: A Reading of the Critique of Aesthetic Judgment。Cambridge University Press。  new window
11.Wenzel, Christian Helmut(2005)。An Introduction to Kant's Aesthetics: Core Concepts and Problems。Blackwell Publishing Ltd.。  new window
12.Brandt, Reinhard(1989)。The Deductions in the Critique of Judgment: Comments on Hampshire and Horstmann。Kant's transcendental deductions: the three critiques and the Opus postumum。Stanford, Calif.。  new window
13.Düsing, Klaus(1986)。Die Teleologie in Kants Weltbegriff。Die Teleologie in Kants Weltbegriff。Bonn。  new window
14.Aristotle(1981)。De anima. (On the soul.)。De anima. (On the soul.)。Grinnell, Iowa。  new window
15.Maydell, A. v.、Wiehl, R.(1974)。Gemeinsinn。Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie (Bd. 3)。Basel, Stuttgart。  new window
16.Merle, Jean-Christophe(2003)。Gemeinsinn。Enzyklopädie Philosophie。Hamburg。  new window
17.Schmidt, Harald(2003)。Gesunder/ gemeiner Menschenverstand。Enzyklopädie Philosophie。Hamburg。  new window
18.Kant, Immanuel(1902)。Gesammelte Schriften。Gesammelte Schriften。Berlin/New York。  new window
19.Kant, Immanuel(1996)。Schriften zur Ästhetik und Naturphilosophie。Schriften zur Ästhetik und Naturphilosophie。Frankfurt a. M。  new window
20.Ginsborg, Hannah(1998)。Kant on the Subjectivity of Taste。Kants Ästhetik, Kant's Aesthetics, L'esthétique de Kant。Berlin/New York。  new window
21.Kulenkampff, Jens(1995)。Vom Geschmacke als einer Art von sensus communis-Versuch einer Neubestimmung des Geschmacksurteils。Autonomie der Kunst? Zur Aktualität von Kants Ästhetik。Berlin。  new window
22.Ameriks, Karl(1998)。New Views on Kant's Judgment of Taste。Kants Ästhetik, Kant's Aesthetics, L'esthétique de Kant。Berlin/New York。  new window
23.Longuenesse, Béatrice(2006)。Kant's leading thread in the Analytic of the Beautiful。Aesthetics and Cognition in Kant's Critical Philosophy。Cambridge。  new window
24.Wolff, Michael(1995)。Die Vollständigkeit der kantischen Urteilstafel。Die Vollständigkeit der kantischen Urteilstafel。Frankfurt a. M.。  new window
25.Brandt, Reinhard(1991)。Die Urteilstafel。Die Urteilstafel。Hamburg。  new window
26.Fricke, Christel(1990)。Kants Theorie des reinen Geschmacksurteils。Kants Theorie des reinen Geschmacksurteils。Berlin/New York。  new window
27.Mertens, Helga(1975)。Kommentar zur ersten Einleitung in Kants Kritik der Urteilskraft。Kommentar zur ersten Einleitung in Kants Kritik der Urteilskraft。Müchen。  new window
28.Henrich, D.(1992)。Aesthetic Judgment and the Moral Image of the World. Studies in Kant。Aesthetic Judgment and the Moral Image of the World. Studies in Kant。Standford。  new window
29.鄭志忠(2004)。Natur und Freiheit. Eine Untersuchung zu Kants Theorie der Urteilskraft。Natur und Freiheit. Eine Untersuchung zu Kants Theorie der Urteilskraft。Amsterdam/New York。  new window
30.鄧曉芒(2008)。康德《判斷力批判》釋義。康德《判斷力批判》釋義。北京。  延伸查詢new window
31.Brandt, Reinhard(1989)。Analytic/Dialectic。Reading Kant. New Perspectives on Transcendental Arguments and Critical Philosophy。New York/Oxford, U.K.。  new window
32.Brandt, Reinhard(1998)。Zur Logik des Ästhetischen Urteils。Kants Ästhetik。Berlin/New York。  new window
33.Longuenesse, Béatrice(2000)。Kant and the Capacity to Judge: Sensibility and Discursivity in the Transcendental Analytic of the Critique of Pure Reason。Kant and the Capacity to Judge: Sensibility and Discursivity in the Transcendental Analytic of the Critique of Pure Reason。Princeton。  new window
34.Thomas, Aquinas Saint(1999)。A Commentary on Aristotle's De anima。A Commentary on Aristotle's De anima。New Haven。  new window
35.Wenzel, Christian Helmut(2006)。Gemeinsinn und das Schöne als Symbol des Sittlichen。Die Vollendung der Transzendentalphilosophie in Kants "Kritik der Urteilskraft"。Berlin。  new window
36.Friedman, Michael(1991)。Regulative and Constitutive。System and Teleology in Kant's Critique of Judgment。Memphis, Tenn。  new window
37.Kulenkampff, Jens(1994)。Kants Logik des ästhetischen Urteils。Kants Logik des ästhetischen Urteils。Frankfurt am Main。  new window
38.Leinkauf, Th.(1995)。Sensus communis。Historisches Wörterbuch der Philosophie (Bd. 9)。Basel。  new window
39.Longuenesse, Béatrice(1998)。The Divisions of the Transcendental Logic and the Leading Thread (A50/B74-A83/B109; B109-116)。Immanuel Kant. Kritik der reinen Vernunft。Berlin。  new window
40.Savile, Anthony(1987)。Aesthetic Reconstructions: The Seminal Writings of Lessing, Kant and Schiller。Aesthetic Reconstructions: The Seminal Writings of Lessing, Kant and Schiller。Oxford。  new window
41.Wenzel, Christian Helmut(2000)。Subjektive Allgemeingültigkeit des Geschmacksurteils bei Kant。Subjektive Allgemeingültigkeit des Geschmacksurteils bei Kant。Berlin/New York。  new window
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