目標：末期腎臟衰竭病患消耗許多健保資源。幸而因慢性腎臟病引起的不良後果，是可透過早期偵測早期治療來預防或延緩其發生。本研究目的乃透過大規模社區成人健康檢查之資料，探討臺灣民眾慢性腎臟病之相關因子。方法：以2004-2006年參與桃園縣社區成人健檢的29345位民眾為研究對象，對其健康行為、疾病史、身體檢查、血液檢查、尿液檢查等資料，作描述性統計及以卡方檢定、及羅吉斯迴歸進行資料分析。慢性腎臟病的定義則是以腎絲球過濾率＜60ml/min/1.73平方公尺作界定。結果：慢性腎臟病盛行率分別為第三期15.2%、第四期0.7%、第五期0.2%。腎絲球過濾率隨年齡增加而下降，慢性腎臟病盛行率隨之上升，且女性盛行率高於男性。與慢性腎臟病相關的因子有高尿酸、肥胖、高血壓、高血糖、高三酸甘油酯、高膽固醇、代謝症候群。結論：參加成人健康檢查的民眾，在其檢查報告應計算腎絲球過濾率、慢性腎臟病的期別。又依慢性腎臟病相關因子的有無來提醒參加民眾罹患慢性腎臟病的風險，以早期發現、早期治療。

Objectives: Treatment of end stage kidney disease is expensive. Moreover, early detection and appropriate case management can prevent or delay the onset of the adverse outcomes of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with CKD that could be used in community screening to detect CKD early. Methods: We analyzed data from the health examination survey of an outreach community of adults. A total of 29,345 Taoyuan county adults participated in this survey during 2004-2006. Data on health behavior, disease history, physical examination, and blood and urine chemistry were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, χ^2 test, and logistic regression were applied. CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 60ml/min/1.73m^2. Results: The prevalence of stages 3-5 CKD was 15.2%, 0.7%, and 0.2%, respectively; eGFR decreased with increased age, and consequently the prevalence of CKD increased; the prevalence of CKD was higher in females than in males. Factors associated with CKD included hyperuricemia, obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, and metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: eGFR and CKD stage should be part of the community-based health examination of adults. Those who present with associated factors of CKD should be advised to seek close follow-up and appropriate treatment.