本文的第一個目的是，探討景氣是否會加強或減緩盈餘對備抵呆帳的影響。發現當景氣好但銀行的獲利不佳，銀行則傾向降低備抵呆帳的提列，顯示「順盈餘效果」是存在的。相反地，當景氣處於下坡、且銀行獲利也不佳，銀行反而會提高備抵呆帳的提列，顯示存在反向的「順盈餘效果」，且壞景氣會加強此效果。本文的第二個目的是，考慮備抵呆帳的法規制度之後，是否會影響上述的影響？發現當景氣好且銀行的獲利佳、或是當景氣差且銀行的獲利差，將使「順盈餘加強效果」成立；且在景氣好但銀行獲利差的情況之下，除「順盈餘加強效果」成立外，更發現順應景氣循環的加強效果也是存在的。顯示考慮備抵呆帳的法規制定，確實會影響銀行提列備抵呆帳的行為。

This study has a dual purpose. The first part explores whether business cycle will enhance or weaken the effect of banks' earnings on provisioning. The evidence shows that whereas with a buoyant economy but negative growth in banks' earnings, management will exhibit an inclination to reduce loan loss provisions. The income-smoothing effect tends to hold and to be less affected by business cycles. By contrast, when the economy follows a downward trend and the banks suffer losses, management evidently increases loan loss provisions. In such cases, the reversed income-smoothing effect holds and is strongly influenced by business cycles. The second part of this study investigates whether country-wise bank regulations influence banks' loan loss provisions. The evidence shows that when the economy and the banks' earnings more in the same direction, exhibiting either steady positive growth or negative growth, the intensified income-smoothing effect still exists. In other scenarios that we tested, when the economy remains prosperous but banks' earnings are in the downward trends, not only intensified income-smoothing effect holds, but also strongly influenced by business cycles. This explains why bank regulations regarding loan loss provisions across countries do have an impact on the banks' provisioning behavior.