從後設溝通及框架理論的觀點探討想像遊戲與同儕衝突之互動關係_

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題名：	從後設溝通及框架理論的觀點探討想像遊戲與同儕衝突之互動關係
書刊名：	教育心理學報
作者：	盧雯月
作者(外文)：	Lu, Wen-yueh
出版日期：	2010
卷期：	41:3
頁次：	頁635-657
主題關鍵詞：	同儕衝突；後設溝通；想像框架；Metacommunication；Peer conflict；Pretend frame
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:1 共同引用:0 點閱:57

本研究從後設溝通及框架觀點(Bateson, 1972; Goffman, 1974)探索想像遊戲和同儕衝突的互動關係，分析幼兒想像時如何因應同儕衝突和維繫幻象。以八位幼兒爲觀察焦點，研究發現影響想像維繫的因素有想像遊戲本質、想像遊戲發展歷程、想像認知程度、異見交換次數、言談能力、同儕互動焦點。幼兒衝突多發生於社會－戲劇性想像，且以想像階段最多。同儕衝突多迫使幼兒放棄想像。共同想像者或對想像內容瞭解的平行遊戲者，較能維持在想像中討論歧見。反對意見的交換持續越久，想像遊戲就越不易維繫。幼兒運用多種言談技巧如「假裝」、「對」、「然後」、「也」，喚起想像共識，整合歧見，轉化表徵，和監督彼此心智狀況。衝突和想像的交會引發幼兒以不同口吻和身份進行後設溝通，促使她們在現實、想像、假扮、衝突腳本等層層鑲嵌的框架間游走協商。本研究結果有助於學前教師瞭解想像遊戲中同儕衝突的特性，正視衝突在遊戲發展上的意義。

以文找文

This qualitative study explored eight 4-year-old children's peer conflict during pretense. Based on Bateson's (1972) idea of metacommunication and Goffman's (1974) frame theory, the researcher found that whether to be in-frame or out-of-frame to negotiate conflict was closely related to the following features: nature of pretense, pretend phase, number of oppositional turns, discourse skill, goal of peer interaction. Most conflicts occurred in socio-dramatic pretense and during the dramatization phase. They often caused children to step out of pretend frame. Those who shared understanding about pretense, including collaborative and parallel players, could metacommunicate longer in-frame. The more oppositional turns were exchanged, the less engrossed children were in pretense. Children applied a variety of discourse devices, such as "pretend", "right", and "too" to evoke comradeship, integrate different opinions, transform symbolic ideas, mutually aware while monitoring each other's mind. The findings inspire preschool teachers to recognize the characteristics of peer conflict in children's pretense, as well as appreciate its significance in the development of pretend play and metacommunicative abilities.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Laursen, B.、Hartup, W. W.(1989)。The dynamics of preschool children's conflicts。Merrill-Palmer Quarterly，35(3)，281-297。
2.	Göncü, A.(1993)。Development of intersubjectivity in social pretend play。Human Development，36(4)，185-198。
3.	Reifel, S.、Yeatman, J.(1993)。From category to context: Reconsidering classroom play。Early Childhood Research Quarterly，8，347-391。
4.	Vespo, J. E.、Caplan,M.(1993)。Preschoolers’ different conflict behaviors with friends and acquaintances。Early Education and Development，4(1)，45-53。
5.	Andresen, H.(2005)。Role play and language development in the preschool years。Culture and Psychology，11(4)，387-414。
6.	Branco, A. U.(2005)。Peer interactions, language development and metacommunication。Culture and Psychology，11(4)，415-429。
7.	Buchbinder, M. H.(2008)。‘Your’re still sick!’ framing, footing, and participation in children’s medical play。Discourse Studies，10(2)，139-158。
8.	Eisenberg, A. R.、Garvey, C.(1981)。Children's use of verbal strategies in resolving conflicts。Discourse Processes，4，149-170。
9.	Ramsey, P. G.(1995)。Changing social dynamics in early childhood classrooms。Child Development，66(3)，764-773。
10.	Fein, G.、Glaubman, R.(1993)。Commentary。Human Development，36，247-252。
11.	Garvey, C.(1993)。Diversity in the conversational repertoire: The case of conflicts and social pretending。Cognition and Instruction，11(3&4)，251-264。
12.	Gordon, C.(2002)。“I’m Mommy and you’re Natalie”: Role-reversal and embedded frames in mother child discourse。Language in Society，31，679-720。
13.	Kane, S. R.,、Furth, H. G.(1993)。Children constructing social reality: A frame analysis of social pretend play。Human Development，36(4)，199-214。
14.	Shantz, C.(1987)。Conflicts between children。Child Development，58，283-305。
15.	Sheff, T. J.(2006)。The structure of context: Deciphering Frame Analysis。Sociological Theory，23(4)，368-385。
16.	Sheldon, A.(1992)。Conflict talk: Sociolinguistic challenges to self-assertion and how young girls meet them。Merrill-Palmer Quarterly，38(1)，95-117。
17.	Sheldon, A.(1990)。Pickle fights: Gendered talk in preschool disputes。Discourse Processes，13，5-31。
18.	Trawick-Smith, J.(1998)。A qualitative analysis of metaplay in the preschool years。Early Childhood Research Quarterly，13(3)，433-452。
19.	Fein, G.、Glaubman, R.(1993)。Commentary。Human Development，36，247-252。
20.	Garvey, C.(1993)。Diversity in the conversational repertoire: The case of conflicts and social pretending。Cognition and Instruction，11(3/4)，251-264。
21.	Gordon, C.(2002)。“I’m Mommy and you’re Natalie”。Role-reversal and embedded frames in mother-child discourse，31，679-720。
22.	Kane, S. R.、Furth, H. G.(1993)。Children constructing social reality: A frame analysis of social pretend play36(4)，199-214。
23.	Sheff, T. J.(2006)。The structure of context: Deciphering Frame Analysis。Sociological Theory，23(4)，368-385。
24.	Sheldon, A.(1992)。Conflict talk: Sociolinguistic challenges to self-assertion and how young girls meet them。Merrill-Palmer Quarterly，38(1)，95-117。
25.	Sheldon, A.(1990)。Pickle fights: Gendered talk in preschool disputes。Discourse Processes，13，5-31。
26.	Trawick-Smith, J.(1998)。A qualitative analysis of metaplay in the preschool years。Early Childhood Research Quarterly，13(3)，433-452。
27.	Shantz, C.(1987)。Conflicts between children。Child Development，58，283-305。

會議論文
1.	Yeatman, J.,、Reifel, S.(1995)。Conflict, context, and implications for the play frame。Salzburg, Austria。
2.	Yeatman, J.、Reifel, S.(1995)。Conflict, context, and implications for the play frame。Salzburg, Austria。

圖書
1.	Sawyer, K.(1997)。Pretend play as improvisation: Conversation in the preschool classroom。Mahwah, NJ：Erlbaum。
2.	Spariosu, M. I.(1989)。Dinysus reborn: Play and the aesthetic dimension in modern philosophical and scientific discourse。Cornell University Press。
3.	Schwartzman, Helen B.(1978)。Transformations: The anthropology of children’s play。Transformations: The Anthropology of Children's Play。New York, NY：Plenum Press。
4.	Rogoff, Barbara(2003)。The cultural nature of human development。Oxford University Press。
5.	Sutton-Smith, B.(1997)。The ambiguity of play。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。
6.	Sawyer, Robert Keith(1997)。Pretend play as improvisation: conversation in the preschool classroom。Lawrence Erlbaum。
7.	Hughes, F. P.(1995)。Children, play, and development。Boston：Allyn and Bacon。
8.	Goffman, Erving(1974)。Frame Analysis。Northeastern University Press。
9.	Bateson, Gregory(1972)。Steps to an Ecology of Mind。New York：Ballantine。
10.	Guba, E. G.、Lincoln, Y. S.(1984)。Naturalistic inquiry。Newbury Park, CA：Sage。
11.	Piaget, Jean、Gabain, Marjorie(1965)。The Moral Judgment of the Child。Free Press。
12.	Schiffrin, Deborah(1987)。Discourse Markers。Cambridge University Press。
13.	Bonica, L.(1993)。Negotiations among children and pretend play。Pretend play among 3-year-olds。Hillsdale, NJ。
14.	Bretherton, I.(1984)。Representing the social world。Symbolic play: The development of social understanding。NY。
15.	Corsaro, W.,、Rizzo, A.(1990)。Disputes in the peer culture of American and Italian nursery school children。Conflict talk: Sociolinguistic investigations of arguments in conversations。Cambridge。
16.	Fein, G.,、Schwartz, S.(1986)。The social coordination of pretense in preschool children。The young child at play: Reviews of research, Volume 4。Washington, DC。
17.	Forbes, D., Maxwell, K.,、Paul, B.(1986)。“Frame Talk”: A dramatistic analysis of children’s fantasy play。Process and outcome in peer relationships。New York。
18.	Forys, S. K.,、McCune-Nicolich, L.(1984)。Shared pretend: Sociodramatic play at 3 years of age。Symbolic play: The development of social understanding。NY。
19.	Garvey, C.(1999)。Play。Cambridge, MA。
20.	Garvey, C.,、Shantz, C. U.(1992)。Conflict talk: Approaches to adversative discourse。Conflict in child and adolescent development。Cambridge,MA。
21.	Garvey, C.、Berndt, R.(1977)。The organization of pretend play。Select Press。
22.	Hay, D. F.(1984)。Social conflict in early childhood。Annals of child development,Vol. 1。Greenwich, CT。
23.	Killen, M.(1989)。Context, conflict, and coordination in social development。Social interaction and the development of children's understanding。Norwood, NJ。
24.	Nielsen, M.,、Dissanayake, C.(2001)。A study of pretend play and false belief in preschool children: Is all pretense metapresentational?。Play & Culture Studies (Vol. 3): Theory in context and out。Westport, CT。
25.	Roberts, W. P.(2001)。Symbolic play and the evolution of culture: A comparative life history perspective。Play and culture studies: Vol. 3. Theory in context and out。Westport, CT。
26.	Wolf, D. P., Rygh, J.,、Altshuler, J.(1984)。Actions and states in play narratives。Symbolic play: The development of social understanding。NY。
27.	Garvey, C.、Berndt, R.(1977)。The organization of pretend play。Ote Madera, CA。
28.	Corsaro, W.、Rizzo, A.(1990)。Disputes in the peer culture of American and Italian nursery school children。Conflict talk: Sociolinguistic investigations of arguments in conversations。Cambridge。
29.	Fein, G.、Schwartz, S.(1986)。The social coordination of pretense in preschool children。The young child at play: Reviews of research。Washington, DC。
30.	Nielsen, M.、Dissanayake, C.(2001)。A study of pretend play and false belief in preschool children: Is all pretense metapresentational?。Play & Culture Studies。Westport, CT。
31.	Forbes, D.、Maxwell, K.、Paul, B.(1986)。“Frame Talk”: A dramatistic analysis of children’s fantasy play。Process and outcome in peer relationships。New York。
32.	Forys, S. K.、McCune-Nicolich, L.(1984)。Shared pretend: Sociodramatic play at 3 years of age。Symbolic play: The development of social understanding。NY。
33.	Garvey, C.、Shantz, C. U.(1992)。Conflict talk: Approaches to adversative discourse。Conflict in child and adolescent development。Cambridge, MA。
34.	Hay, D. F.(1984)。Social conflict in early childhood。Annals of child development。Greenwich, CT。
35.	Killen, M.(1989)。Context, conflict, and coordination in social development。Social interaction and the development of children's understanding。Norwood, NJ。
36.	Wolf, D. P.、Rygh, J.、Altshuler, J.(1984)。Actions and states in play narratives。Symbolic play: The development of social understanding。NY。
37.	Roberts, W. P.(2001)。Symbolic play and the evolution of culture: A comparative life history perspective。Play and culture studies: Vol. 3. Theory in context and out。Westport, CT。
38.	Bonica, L.(1993)。Negotiations among children and pretend play。Pretend play among 3-year-olds。Hillsdale, NJ。
39.	Bretherton, I.(1984)。Representing the social world。Symbolic play: The de-velopment of social understanding。NY。
40.	Rubin, K. H.(1980)。Fantasy play: Its role in the development of social skills and social cognition。New directions for child development: Children's play。San Francisco。

圖書論文
1.	Giffin, H.(1984)。The coordination of meaning in the creation of a shared make-believe reality。Symbolic play: the development of social understanding。Academic Press。
2.	Dansky, J. L.(1999)。Play。Encyclopedia of Creativity。San Diego, CA：Academic Press。
3.	Rubin, K. H.(1980)。Fantasy play: Its role in the development of social skills and social cognition。Children's Play。San Francisco, CA：Jossey-Bass。

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