本研究搜集來自泡棉、合成皮及樹脂等異氰酸鹽類作業勞工之冷凍血液檢體，抽取核酸，分析第二型組織複合物抗原中的人類白血球抗原(Human Leukocyte Antigen, HLA)基因型。並依據問卷訪視勞工自覺過敏症狀進行工作相關過敏分群，統計各基因與異氰酸鹽過敏疾病的相關性。以34種HLA DQ1高解析度基因類型引子，進行PCR反應。總共完成271位勞工之基因型分析，統計所有對偶基因出現率之結果顯示只有26種基因型出現。其中以DQ1 0301基因出現頻率最高，佔23.3%；DQ1 0502次之，出現頻率佔12.9%。與過敏較有關係的DQ1 0601以及DQ1 0503基因出現率分別約為5.0%及3.3%，有過敏症狀群的出現頻率顯著高於無過敏症狀群(X^2, p<0.05)。與工作有關過敏症狀依照其發生部位，分別將勞工分為呼吸道過敏、皮膚過敏及眼睛過敏三種類群，發現各群出現顯著相關之基因型不盡相同。各基因之勝算比經性別、年齡、暴露、年資及吸菸等項目校正後，結果顯示DQ1 0503與DQ1 0402引發工作引起呼吸道過敏為最高，分別為5.79與4.66。DQ1 0601與皮膚及眼睛症狀均呈現顯著相關，但校正後勝算比卻小於1，顯示異氰酸鹽類暴露量低的非暴露群中亦有上述過敏的個案，該基因不是關鍵性決定因素。DQ1 0503 基因型與工作場所的呼吸道過敏及喘鳴症狀有顯著相關，未校正之勝算比為4.31，校正後增為5.79，顯示該基因對異氰酸鹽類暴露引起之呼吸道過敏有重要影響。依據上述結果推論DQ1基因中0503、0402及0601等基因型對於異氰酸類誘發過敏免疫反應，具有重要的意義。

This study extracted nucleic acid from frozen blood samples collected from isocyanate salts operating workers who worked in the foam, synthetic leather and resins factories, analyzing complex antigens type II organization of human leukocyte antigen (Human Leukocyte Antigen, HLA) genotypes. Based on a questionnaire which inquired into the workers' consciously work-related allergy symptoms, we divided the respondents into deferent groups then counted various genes and the isocyanate allergy disease's relevance. Using 34 DQ1 high-resolution genetic primers for PCR reaction. We completed a total of 271 workers of the genotype analysis. Statistics of occurrence rate of the allele told that only 26 genotypes showed up. Among them, DQ1 0301 had the highest frequency of accounting (23.3%) and DQ1 0502 second (12.9%). The genes which were more associated with allergic syndromes, DQ1 0601 and 0503, had occurrence rates of approximately 5.0% and 3.3% (X^2, p<0.05). The statistic results showed work-related allergic symptoms occurred in different parts of bodies, the relevant genotypes were also different. After adjusting for gender, age, exposure, years of service and smoking habit using logistic regression, DQ1 0503 and DQ1 0402 trigger respiratory allergies which caused by the working showed the highest odds ratio (OR) 5.79 and 4.66. DQ1 0601 with skin and eyes showed a significant correlation between the symptoms, but the OR after correction is less than 1. It shows that gene is not a key determinant in the above-mentioned cases of allergy of isocyanate sensitization. DQ1 0503 genotype and work-related wheezing symptoms were significantly associated uncorrected OR of 4.31 and the correction OR is 5.79, show the genetic impact on the respiratory allergies caused by isocyanates exposure. According to the above results, our study indicated that the DQ1 0503, 0402 and 0601 have important significance to isocyanate-induced allergic reactions.