自由多元文化主義--西方模式的發展及其在亞洲的適用__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	自由多元文化主義--西方模式的發展及其在亞洲的適用
書刊名：	國家發展研究
作者：	施奕任
作者(外文)：	Shih, Yi-jen
出版日期：	2010
卷期：	9:2
頁次：	頁123-162
主題關鍵詞：	自由多元文化主義；少數族群；原住民族；移民；外邦人；Liberal multiculturalism；Minority groups；Indigenous people；Immigrant groups
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:1 共同引用:0 點閱:64

如何因應少數族群權利是當代國家的核心議題，隨著知識社群的討論以及國際規範的建立，國家的族群政策不再是單純的國內議題而普遍受到全球更多的關注。當西方國家面對，包括少數族群、原住民族、移民群體以及外邦人等不同的族群類型，逐漸接納自由多元文化的思潮，而普遍採取更爲寬容與多元的政策時，本文思考亞洲國家因應少數群體的政策，色括賦予少數群體更多的公民權利以及自治權利時，都呈現了迥異於西方國家的趨勢與態度。本文在研究方法上針對西方國家以及亞洲國家因應少數群體的經驗進行比較分析，對於當代國家面對的族群類型進行分類，而後檢視了西方對於不同族群類型採行自由多元文化主義的脈絡因素，同時回到亞洲國家分析兩者對於自由多元文化主義態度的差異。本文認爲西方國家與多數亞洲國家的差異來自於兩個層面，造成當西方逐漸接納自由多元文化主義時，亞洲國家仍然有所疑慮而停滯不前。一方面是少數族群追求自治權利的意願，另一方面則是國家民族主義以及優勢族群接納多元文化的程度。前者基於少數群體人口比重的見解、人權以及平等權利意識的覺醒與否以及民主政治對於個人人權保障的程度等三項脈絡因素：後者則是因爲族群議題能否跳脱國家安全層次轉換到常態民主政治運作，以及國家境內不同族群彼此之間對於自由民主的共識程度。亞洲國家因爲對於少數族群終將消失抱持樂觀的態度；對於少數民族自治能夠遵循民主原則的高度疑慮；以及亞洲國家長期存在境內少數群體可能通敵叛國的不安全感，而使得亞洲國家採行多元文化的思維舉步維艱。

以文找文

How to response minority rights is a critical issue in most of modern nation states. With the academic research and international attention, Minority issue would not be treated as mere domestic problems. Most Western countries turn toward multiculturalism, however, it is an interesting point to think why Asian countries still remain totally different attitudes in culture rights, language use, autonomy rights, and even basic civil rights. This paper would retrospect the evolving processes and historical context of Western liberal multiculturalism. Then, this paper would further discuss how Western countries develop their specific policies and strategies in dealing minority nationalisms, indigenous people, immigrant groups and metics. Compared Western democratic countries with Asian countries (India is excluded), we could examine the patterns of Asian countries. This paper argues that because the Western countries have their own specific historical, social and political context, governments would allow minority groups to pursue their rights, further, the dominant groups are willing to accept multiculturalism. These domestic interactions have five critical preconditions: demographics, rights-consciousness, democracy politics, desecuritization, and liberal-democratic consensus. In comparing Asia and the West, the societies in Asian doubt the likelihood that sub-state autonomies will be liberal-democratic, and their governments believe that ethic mobilization will disappear over time as a result of modernization and development. Moreover, they fear that minorities will collaborate with enemies of the state.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Margalit, Avishai、Halbertal, Moshe(1994)。Liberalism and the Right to Culture。Social Research，61(3)，491-510。

圖書
1.	May, Stephen(2001)。Language and Minority Rights: Ethnicity, Nationalism, and the Politics of Language。Pearson Education。
2.	Schlesinger, A. M.(1998)。The Disuniting of America: Reflections on a Multicultural Society。New York, NY：W. W. Norton & Company, Inc。
3.	Keal, Paul(2003)。European Conquest and the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: The Moral Backwardness of International Society。Cambridge University Press。
4.	Bissoondath, Neil(1994)。Selling Illusions : The Cult of Multiculturalism in Canada。Toronto：Penguin。
5.	Taylor, Charles(1992)。Multiculturalism and the Politics of Recognition。Princeton, New Jersey：Princeton University Press。
6.	Bullard, Robert D.(1990)。Dumping in dixie: Race, class, and environmental quality。Boulder：Oxford：Westview Press。
7.	Kymlicka, Will(2001)。Politics in the Vernacular: Nationalism, Multiculturalism, and Citizenship。Oxford University Press。
8.	Young, Iris Marion(1990)。Justices and the politics of difference。Princeton University Press。
9.	Kymlicka, Will(1995)。Multicultural Citizenship: A Liberal Theory of Minority Rights。Clarendon Press。

其他
1.	Ahmad, Zakaria Haji, and Suzaina Kadir.(2005)。Ethnic Conflicts, Prevention and Management: The Malaysian Case。
2.	Bajpai, Kanti.(1997)。Diversity, Democracy, and Devolution in India。
3.	Bell, Daniel A., and Nicola Piper.(2005)。Justice for Migrant Worker? The Case of Foreign Domestic Workers in Hong Kong and Singapore。
4.	Benhabib, Seyla(2002)。The Claims of Culture: Equality and Diversity in the Global Era。
5.	Bowen, John.(2000)。Should We Have Universal Concept of Indigenous Peoples?。
6.	Brown, Michael E.(1997)。The Impact of Government Policies on Ethnic Relations。
7.	Bullard, Robert D.(1993)。Anatomy of Environmental Racism and the Environment Justice Movement。
8.	Connor, Walker(1999)。National Self-Determination and Tomorrow’s Political Map。
9.	Edrisinha, Rohan(2005)。Multination Federalism and Minority Rights in Sri Lanka。
10.	Engman, Max(1995)。Finns and Swedes in Finland。
11.	Favell, Adrian(2001)。Philosophies of Integration: Immigration and the Idea of Citizenship in France and Britain。
12.	Fletcher, Christine(1997)。Federalism and Indigenous Peoples in Australia。
13.	Ganesan, N.(2005)。Liberal and Structural Ethnic Political Accomodation in Malaysia。
14.	Ganguly, Sumit.(1997)。Ethnic Policies and Political Quiescence in Malaysia and Singapore。
15.	Germany Federal Statistical Office(2009)。Statistical Yearbook 2009: For the Federal Republic of Germany。
16.	He, Baogang(2004)。Confucianism Versus Liberalism over Minority Rights: a Critical Response to Will Kymlicka。
17.	Hester, Jeifry T.(2008)。Datsu Zainichi-ron: An Emerging Discourse on Belonging among Ethnic Koreans in Japan。
18.	Jupp, James.(1995)。From ‘White Australia’ to ‘Part of Asia’: Recent Shifts in Australian Immigration Policy towards the Region。
19.	Kingsbury, Benedict.(1999)。The Applicability of the International Legal Concept of Indigenous Peoples in Asia。
20.	Krishna, Sankaran.(1999)。Posicolonial Insecurities: India, Sri Lanka and the Question of Nationhood。
21.	Kymlicka, Will.(1998)。Is Federalism a Viable Alternative to Secession?。
22.	Kymlicka, Will.(2001)。Immigrant Integration and Minority Nationalism。
23.	Kymlicka, Will.(2005)。Liberal Multiculturalism: Western Models, Global Trends, and Asian Debates。
24.	Levy, Jacob(2000)。The Multiculturalism of Fear。
25.	Loobuyck, Patrick.(2005)。Liberal Multiculturalism: A Defence of Liberal Multicultural Measures without Minority Rights。
26.	Mahajan, Gurpreet.(2005)。Indian Exceptionalism or Indian Model: Negotiating Culture Diversity and Minority Rights in Democratic Nation-State。
27.	Martin, Philip L.(1994)。Germany: Reluctant Land of Immigration。
28.	Nandy, Ashis.(1992)。Federalism, the Ideology of the State and Cultural Pluralism。
29.	NPCELS.(1991)。Principles of Environmental Justice。
30.	Peng-Er, Lam(2005)。At the Margins of a Liberal-Democratic State: Ethnic Minorities in Japan。
31.	Pittaway, Eileen(2008)。The Rohingya Refugees in Bangladesh: A Failure of the International Protection Regime。
32.	Rhodes, Edwardo Lao.(2003)。Environmental Justice in America。
33.	Sharp, Andrew.(1997)。Civil Rights, Amelioration, and Reparation in New Zealand。
34.	Shastri, Amita(1997)。Government Policy and the Ethnic Crisis in Sri Lanka。
35.	Singapore Department of Statistics(2009)。Yearbook of Statistics Singapore 2009。
36.	Sukma, Rizal(2005)。Ethnic Conflicts in Indonesia: Cause and the Quest for Solution。
37.	Toyota, Mika.(2005)。Subjects of the Nation without Citizenship: the Case of Hill Tribes in Thailand。

圖書論文
1.	Wæver, Ole(1995)。Securitization and Desecuritization。On Security。New York：Columbia University Press。

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