神格化的護國公：試論十七世紀版畫的克倫威爾形象__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	神格化的護國公：試論十七世紀版畫的克倫威爾形象
書刊名：	政大史粹
作者：	賴芸儀
作者(外文)：	Lai, Yun-yi
出版日期：	2010
卷期：	18
頁次：	頁31-61
主題關鍵詞：	克倫威爾；英格蘭；內戰；版畫；Oliver Cromwell；England；Civil war；Engraving
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:40

當傳統君權符號隨著國王查理一世（Charles I, 1600-1649）的處刑而消亡之際，不論是另闢蹊徑或援引前朝，新的政府需要建立一套新的政治記號與符號體系來與之因應。本文試圖藉由一張1658年印行，以克倫威爾（Oliver Cromwell, 1599-1658）為主題的版畫《英格蘭的混亂暨其成就，與將來臨的自由與幸福之寓意畫》（The embleeme of Englands distraction as also of her attained, and further expected Freedome, & Happines）為例子，討論當時人們怎麼看待英格蘭歷史上前所未有的共和政府的統治者。畫中克倫威爾身著戎裝，描繪為傑出的軍事與宗教領導者，及運用自身德行與軍事長才領導國家篳路藍縷邁向永久和平境地的虔誠信徒。他領受三個國家—英格蘭（Anglia）、蘇格蘭（Scotia）與愛爾蘭（Hiberntia）—所獻上的桂冠。相較於當時英國本土的作畫風格，這類運用了大量宗教圖像與符號的作品並不多見。該畫的存在呈現了克倫威爾當時給予世人複雜觀感的一面。

以文找文

Once the traditional monarchical symbols were removed after the execution of Charles I (1600-1649) in 1649, the new government needed to establish a new system of political signs and symbols either original or imitating earlier images. Therefore, this essay attempts to analyze an engraving 'The embleem of Englands distraction as also of her attained, and further expected Freedom, & Happines'. In this engraving, Cromwell is portrayed in armour as a great military and religious leader, a godly man who led his country through all the troubled waters of the civil war and reached an eternally peaceful settlement through both his virtues and his military force. He is shown with the laurels of three kingdoms personified as Anglia (England), Scotia (Scotland) and Hiberntia (Ireland). Compared with other printings during that era, it is an unusual work which contains a large amount of symbolic messages. It shows how much effort and ingenuity was required to portray Cromwell as a convincing ruler.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Burke, Peter(2003)。Image as Evidence in Seventeenth-Century Europe。Journal of the History of Ideas，64(2)，273-296。
2.	Knoppers, Lauru Lunger(1998)。The Politics of Portraiture: Oliver Cromwell and the Plain Style。Renaissance Quarterly，51，1283-1319。

圖書
1.	Burke, Peter(2001)。Eyewitnessing: The Uses of Images as Historical Evidence。Ithaca, N. Y.：Cornell University Press。
2.	Kelsey, Sean(1997)。Inventing a Republic: The Political Culture of the English Commonwealth, 1649-1953。Manchester：Manchester University Press。
3.	Kenyon, J. P.(1986)。The Stuart Constitution 1603-1688: Documents and Commentary。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。
4.	Sharpe, Kevin(2010)。Image Wars: Promoting Kings and Commonwealth in England, 1603-1660。London：Yale University Press。
5.	Mitchell, W. J.(1992)。Introduction。Art and the Public Sphere。Chicago。
6.	Wark, Robert R.(1969)。Early British Drawings in the Huntington Collection, 1600-1750。Early British Drawings in the Huntington Collection, 1600-1750。San Marino,Calif。
7.	Wark, Robert R.(1969)。British Portrait Drawings 1600-1900: Twenty-Five Examples from the Huntington Collection。British Portrait Drawings 1600-1900: Twenty-Five Examples from the Huntington Collection。California。
8.	Speck, W. A.(1993)。Cromwell and the Glorious Revolution。Images of Oliver Cromwell。Manchester。
9.	Godfrey, Richard T.(1978)。Printingmaking in Britain: A General History from Its Beginnings to the Present Day。Printingmaking in Britain: A General History from Its Beginnings to the Present Day。Oxford。
10.	Salaman, Malcolm(1906)。The Old Engraves of England。The Old Engraves of England。London。
11.	Graves, Roberts(1999)。The Greek Myths。The Greek Myths。London。
12.	Griffiths, Antony(1998)。The Print in Stuart Britain 1603-1689。The Print in Stuart Britain 1603-1689。London。
13.	Davis, J. C.(2001)。Oliver Cromwell。Oliver Cromwell。London。
14.	Lloyd, Bowen(2009)。Oliver Cromwell (Alias Williams) and Wales。Oliver Cromwell: New Perspectives。Hampshire。
15.	Cooper, John、Morris, Susan(1987)。The Cromwell Family。The Cromwell Family。Cheltenham。
16.	Fox-Davies, A.C.(1969)。A Complete Guide to Heraldry。A Complete Guide to Heraldry。London。
17.	Groom, Nick(2006)。The Union Jack: The Story of the British Flag。The Union Jack: The Story of the British Flag。London。
18.	Cameron, W. J.(1971)。Poems on Affairs of State: Augusan Satirical Verse。Poems on Affairs of State: Augusan Satirical Verse。New Heaven。
19.	Thompson, Norma(2001)。The ship of state: Statecraft and Politics from Ancient Greece to Democratic America。The ship of state: Statecraft and Politics from Ancient Greece to Democratic America。London。
20.	Firth, Charles Harding、Rait, Robert Sangster(1911)。Acts and Ordinances of the Interregnum, 1642-1660。London：Wyman & Sons。

其他
1.	Claydon, Tony(2008)。William III AND II (1650-1702)，Oxford。
2.	O'Connell, Sheila(2008)。Barlow, Francis (D. 1704)，Oxford。
3.	Griffiths, Antony(2008)。Faithorne, William (C. 1620-1691)，Oxford。
4.	Summer, Ann(2008)。Walker, Robert (1595x1610-1658)，Oxford。
5.	Knighton, C. S.(2008)。Pepys, Samuel (1633-1703)，Oxford。
6.	Murdoch, John(2008)。Cooper, Samuel (1607/8-1672)，Oxford。
7.	Plato(1991)。The Republic，New York。
8.	Aristotle(1984)。The Politics，Chicago。
9.	Hibbard, Caroline M.(2008)。Henrietta Maria (1609-1669)，Oxford。
10.	Sir Goodyere, Henry。The Mirrour of Maiestie: Or, the Badges of Honour Conceitedly Emblazoned with Emblemes Annexed, Poetically Vnfolded。
11.	Henfrey, Henry William。Numismatica Cromwelliana。
12.	Morrill, John(2008)。Cromwell, Oliver (1599-1658)，Oxford。
13.	Cromwell, Oliver(1888)。Oliver Cromwell's Letters and Speeches（vol. 5），London。
14.	Whitney, Geffrey(1586)。A Choice of Emblems and Other Devises，Leaden。
15.	Speck, W. A.(2007)。Mary II (1662-1694)，Oxford。
16.	Horwitz, Henry(2008)。Luttrell, Narcissus (1657-1732)，Oxford。
17.	Forrester, Gillian(2008)。Turner, Charles (1774-1857)，Oxford。

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