本研究為描述性研究，目的在瞭解加護病房護理活動之時間分配、直接護理時數及建立加護病房病患直接護理需要分類表。以中部某醫學中心六個加護病房之護理人員為研究對象，採觀察員觀察法收集一週期間護理人員之活動。共收集798人次護理人員之活動紀錄及2036人班次病患之直接護理活動頻次記錄。結果顯示：每日各類護理活動的時間分配為屬於TISS-28之直接護理佔32.30%、非屬於TISS-28之直接護理佔20.92%、間接護理佔34.32%、相關護理佔6.56%、個人活動佔5.90%，即直接護理活動為53.22%。白班之直接護理佔53.34%，小夜班之直接護理佔55.12%，大夜班之直接護理佔59.49%。各項護理活動中佔每日工作時間比例最多的活動是護理記錄及交班。本研究結果總護理時數（分）／每病人/每天＝直接護理時數（分）＋間接護理時數（174.9分）＋相關護理時數（28.8分），依此而建立病患直接護理需要分類表，以作為施行加護病房病人分類之依據。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the nursing activities and establish a patient classification system in intensive care units. The subjects of the study were a group of ICU nurses from a medical center in Central Taiwan. The data was collected in one-week period. It included of 798 shifts worth of nurse's work records and 2036 patients' "Indirect patient care" records. The major findings dealt with the amount of time spent on various daily nursing activities: "Patient care activities inTISS-28 (therapeutic intervention scoring system, TISS)" was reached 32.30%, while "Patient care activities not in TISS-28" 20.92%; "Indirect patient care" 34.32%; "Organizational activities" 6.56%, and "Personal activities" 5.90%. "Direct nursing activities" accounted for the greatest proportion of nursing activities in ICUs, Direct patient care activities accounted for the 53.34% of day shift activity, 55.12% of evening shift activity, and 59.49% of night shift activity. "Documenting/recording nursing activities" and "handing over to then ext shift" were the most frequent daily nursing activities. In conclusion total nursing time per patient/per day=direct patient care activities +174.9 minutes of indirect patient care activities +28.8 minutes of organizational activities. The results offer an example of the patient classifying or TISS scoring system, and provide a blue print for better management of nursing man power in the ICUs.