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題名:The Taiwanese Kám and the Cleft Construction
書刊名:台語研究
作者:劉承賢
作者(外文):Lâu, Sêng-hiân
出版日期:2010
卷期:2:2
頁次:頁104-141
主題關鍵詞:敢問句焦點主題化KámFocusTopicalization
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本論文明確tik kā kám ê句法位置做分析。事實上,kám除了出現tī leh主語hām述語中間,mā ē-tàng用tiàm主詞ê頭前iah動詞複合詞內底,總-是伊bē用得出現tī非限定分句-níh。爲著beh解說kám是按怎ē-tàng tī句中相對khah kuân ê位置出現,suah無法度kap屈折短語倒爿墘ê副詞tàu陣使用ê問題(參考Cinque 1999),本論文參考Jackendoff(1972),指出tsit个不相容有伊語義頂kuân ê起致,bē-sái用tse來做kám句法位置ê參考,tse liáh外,tsit篇論文就利用kám kap焦點標誌sī之間ê固定順序,sī代替kám來做句法位置ê檢定,證明kám ê句法位置tik實是比以早ê文獻所分析-ê koh ke真kuân,我主張kám是tī leh標句語短語內底ê疑問詞短語ē-kha(Rizzi 1997, 2001)。若關係kám thang插入去動詞複合詞ê部份,本論文參考王乾安(2010) kap Koopman (2010)等學者ê主張,採用雙標句語短語結構ê分析,結果thang知tsit个現象並m是例外;另外kám無法度用tī非限定分句ê部份,本論文以非限定句ê投射無齊全來提出說明,tsit个現象koh仝時進一步證明kám ê句法位置是tī標句語短語ê主張。Tsit篇論文ê分析,對主題顯著ê語言利用主題化來助贊焦點ê句法運作thang取得範域ê運作模式,有提供一个實例。
In this paper I explicitly identify the highest and lowest possible positions of kám in a sentence. Apart from its occurrence between the subject and the predicate, kám can also appear before the subject, or be inserted into a verb compound. However, it is not acceptable to have kám in a non-finite clause. In order to explain how kám can occur in a relatively high position but it is incompatible with some high adverbs in the left periphery (Cinque 1999), I suggest that this incompatibility is due to independent semantic reasons (à la Jackendoff 1972). Moreover, with the observation that kám always precedes sī, I inspect the relative positions of sī and speaker-oriented adverbs to circumvent the said semantic incompatibility. Consequently, I point out indirectly that kám is under the interrogative phrase in the CP domain (Rizzi 1997, 2001). On the lower side, it is suggested that kám's insertion into a verb compound is not problematic under the bi-clausal structure following Wang (2010) and Koopman (2010), among others. Its non-occurrence in a non-finite clause is then explained away with the imperfect projection of subordinate clauses in the control construction and constitutes another piece of evidence that kám is at a relatively high syntactic position. In general, this study demonstrates the role of topicalization in focus operation in topic-prominent languages.
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