Insect management is always a serious challenge to conservators. Many collections made of organic materials, such as paintings, calligraphy, books, silk, leather, fur, bamboo, wood, ivory and horn, are prone to be damaged by insect pests. Infestations have been recorded at more than half of the important museums and archives in Taiwan. Sources of pests, possible invading routes, and appropriate environmental conditions are the required elements for insect infestation indoors. The object of the current review is to illustrate these infestation elements with examples of common collection pests in Taiwan and further to offer preventive procedures for maintaining a pest-free museum or archive.