Abstract Japan and Thailand have signed the Japan-Thailand Economic Partnership Agreement (JTEPA) on April 3, 2007. On the tariff reduction list of agricultural goods, Japan has 1,157 items and Thailand has 738 items. Since both Thailand and Taiwan export agricultural products to Japan and they compete with each other. Through the international trade and sectoral interrelationship, JTEPA may have impacts on Taiwan’s economy, esp. agriculture. In this study, we use the world- famous GTAP (Global Trade Analysis Project) model and its database to investigate the potential economic impacts on Taiwan’s agriculture of JTEPA. Simulation results show that Taiwan’s GDP will decrease by 0.002%. Taiwan’s agricultural exports to Japan will decrease by 5 millions.