Abstract This study attempts to explore the effects triggered by the controversy of Mexico definitive countervailing measures on olive oil from the European Communities, through introducing the facts, reasons and implementation process of this case. On 12 March 2003, the Mexican company Fortuny de México, SA de CV ("Fortuny"), filed an application for the imposition of countervailing duties on olive oil originating in the European Communities (mainly from Spain and Italy). On 2 July 2003, the Minister of Economy signed a resolution accepting the application and initiating the investigation. On 4 July 2003, Mexico invited the European Communities to consultations pursuant to Article 13.1 of the SCM Agreement. On 11 July 2003, the European Communities sent a letter accepting the invitation. The consultations took place in Mexico City on 17 July 2003. The Initiation Resolution was published in the Official Journal on 16 July 2003. On 7 December 2006, the European Communities requested the establishment of a panel pursuant to Articles 4.7 and 6.2 of the DSU, Article XXIII of the GATT 1994, Articles 4 and 30 of the SCM Agreement, and Article 19 of the Agreement on Agriculture. The Arguments between two parties, Mexico and European Communities, include: whether or not the consultation before the initiation of the olive oil investigation contrary to Article13.1 of the SCM Agreement, whether or not inconsistent with Article 13(b)(i) of the Agreement on Agriculture by initiating a countervailing duty investigation on imports of an agricultural product (olive oil) , whether or not to meet the requirement relating to the interested parties’ non-confidential summaries of confidential information submission under Article 12.4.1 of the SCM Agreement, whether or not to meet the obligation of informing the interested Members and interested parties of the "essential facts under consideration which form the basis for the decision whether to apply definitive measures under Article 12.8 of SCM Agreement, whether or not to meet the time limit of the investigation of Article 11.11 of SCM Agreement, whether or not to adopt pass-through analysis, whether or not to meet the definition of domestic industry, and positive evidence and reasonable and adequate explanation of injury determination. For reference purpose, by virtue of this study to get the understanding in respect of dispute skills improvement, prevention of the incurrence of disputes, and the evidence assured, etc.