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題名:Joseph Conrad--Postcolonialism and Imperialism
書刊名:歐美研究
作者:羅勃.韓森王智明 引用關係
作者(外文):Hampson, Robert
出版日期:2011
卷期:41:1
頁次:頁1-46
主題關鍵詞:康拉德阿切貝黑暗之心進步的哨所Joseph ConradChinua AchebeHeart of DarknessAn Outpost of Progress
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本文伊始重新考量阿切貝將康拉德視為「徹頭徹尾的種族主義者」的著名批評。文章之初檢視阿切貝此一演講的脈絡,並透過閱讀阿切貝引用的兩位批評家──古拉與李維斯──來分析「康拉德」在當時所指為何。本文特別藉由仔細檢視古拉為新美國文庫出版的《黑暗之心》流行版本所撰寫的緒言,探究在阿切貝的批評介入前,這部作品在美國如何為人所閱讀,並將之與加耐特早先發表的評論相較。這樣的比較顯示古拉的心理學讀法袪除了這部小說中的非洲特色,並抹去了讀者原先閱讀這部作品時所涵概的主題的獨特性及政治性。本文接著仔細檢視阿切貝對《黑暗之心》的指控,並提供另類的閱讀,特別注重康拉德的敘事策略,他與帝國主義論述的交鋒,以及作品中不同語言的階序。文章繼而考量康拉德另一篇非洲故事〈進步的哨所〉,以支持《黑暗之心》的主角馬洛有別於作家康拉德的讀法,原因在於〈進步的哨所〉呈現了一個非馬洛式的「非洲意象」,讓我們更清楚看出馬洛觀看非洲的視角。本文進一步參照康拉德早期的馬來小說,將對他的非洲故事之讀法置於這個脈絡裡,文末並思考《諾斯楚摩》這部長篇小說與全球化的關係。
This essay begins with a reconsideration of Chinua Achebe’s famous criticism of Conrad as a “thoroughgoing racist.” It starts by examining the context of Achebe’s lecture and analysing what “Conrad” meant at that time as a critical construction through a reading of the two critics Achebe cites—Albert J. Guerard and F. R. Leavis. It explores, in particular, how “Heart of Darkness” was read in the United States before Achebe’s intervention by a close examination of Guerard’s Introduction to the popular edition of “Heart of Darkness” published by The New American Library, and it compares this with the reading provided by Edward Garnett in his early review. The comparison shows how Guerard’s psychological approach to the novella de- Africanises the novel and wipes out the topical specificity and the politics which were part of the novel’s original reception. It then examines in detail Achebe’s charges against “Heart of Darkness” and offers an alternative reading of the novella, paying particular attention to Conrad’s narrative strategies, his engagement with imperialist discourse, and the hierarchy of languages in the work. It then considers Conrad’s other African story “An Outpost of Progress” to support the reading of Marlow as distanced from Conrad: since “An Outpost of Progress” presents a non-Marlovian “image of Africa,” it allows us to see Marlow’s perspective on Africa more clearly. The essay then contextualises the reading of Conrad’s African fiction by reference to his earlier Malay fiction, and finally considers Nostromo in relation to globalisation.
期刊論文
1.Benoist, Alain de(1994)。The Idea of Empire。Telos,98/99。  new window
2.Achebe, Chinua(1977)。An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness。Massachusetts Review,18(4),1977-782。  new window
3.Hulme, P.、McDougall, R.(2007)。Writing, travel and empire。  new window
圖書
1.Watt, Ian(1980)。Conrad in the Nineteenth Century。London:Chatto & Windus。  new window
2.Hampson, R.(2000)。Cross-cultural encounters in Joseph Conrad's Malay fiction。Basingstoke, UK。  new window
3.Schirato, Tony、Webb, Jen(2003)。Understanding Globalization。Thousand Oaks:California:London:Sage Publications。  new window
4.Pratt, M. L.(1992)。The imperial eye: Travel writing and transculturation。London。  new window
5.GoGwilt, Christopher(1995)。The Invention of the West: Joseph Conrad and the Double-Mapping of Europe and Empire。Stanford, CA:Stanford University Press。  new window
6.White, Andrea(1993)。Joseph Conrad and the Adventure Tradition: Constructing and Deconstructing the Imperial Subject。Cambridge University Press。  new window
7.Said, Edward Wadie(1979)。Orientalism。Vintage Books。  new window
8.Conrad, J.(1923)。Lord Jim。London。  new window
9.Conrad, J.(1923)。Nostromo。London。  new window
10.Conrad, J.(1950)。Heart of darkness and the secret sharer (A. J. Guerard, Intro.)。New York。  new window
11.Conrad, J.、Murfin, R. C.(1989)。Heart of darkness: A case study in contemporary criticism。New York。  new window
12.Guerard, Albert J.(1958)。Conrad the novelist。Cambridge, Massachusetts:Harvard University Press。  new window
13.Karl, F. R.、Davies, L.(1983)。The collected letters of Joseph Conrad, vol. 1。Cambridge, UK。  new window
14.Leavis, F. R.(1948)。The great tradition。London。  new window
15.Karl, F. R.、Davies, L.(1986)。The collected letters of Joseph Conrad, vol. 2。Cambridge, UK。  new window
16.Karl, F. R.、Davies, L.(1988)。The collected letters of Joseph Conrad ,vol. 3。Cambridge, UK。  new window
17.Baines, J.(1971)。Joseph Conrad: A critical biography。London。  new window
18.Conrad, J.(1923)。Almayer's Folly。London。  new window
19.Watts, C.(1977)。Conrad's “Heart of darkness”: A critical and contextual study。Milan, Italy。  new window
20.Clifford, J.(1988)。On ethnographic self-fashioning: Conrad and Malinowski。The predicament of culture: Twentieth-century ethnography, literature, and art。Cambridge, MA。  new window
21.Márquez, G. G.(1993)。The solitude of Latin America。Nobel lectures, literature 1981-1990。Singapore。  new window
22.Conrad, J.(1923)。Heart of darkness。Youth: A Narrative and two other stories。London。  new window
23.Conrad, J.(1923)。An outpost of progress。Tales of unrest。London。  new window
24.Garnett, E.(1973)。Unsigned review。Joseph Conrad。London。  new window
25.Gibson, A.(1998)。Ethics and unrepresentability in Heart of darkness。Conrad and theory。Amsterdam。  new window
26.Knowles, O.(1995)。Author's note。Almayer's Folly。London。  new window
圖書論文
1.Asad, Talal(1986)。The Concept of Cultural Translation in British Social Anthropology。Writing Culture. The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography。Los Angles:U of California P。  new window
2.Achebe, Chinua(1988)。An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's 'Heart of Darkness'。Heart of Darkness: An Authoritative Text, background and Sources Criticism。New York:W. W. Norton and Co.。  new window
3.Corner, J.(1999)。The agency of mapping: Speculation, critique and invention。Mappings。Reaktion Books。  new window
 
 
 
 
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