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| 2. | Cartwright, Nancy(1999)。The Dappled World: A Study of the Boundaries of Science。Cambridge。 |
| 3. | Glymour, Clark N.(1980)。Theory and Evidence。Princeton, New Jersey：Princeton University Press。 |
| 4. | Cartwright, Nancy(2007)。Hunting Causes and Using Them: Approaches in Philosophy and Economics。Cambridge, UK：Cambridge University Press。 |
| 5. | Harré, Rom(1986)。Varieties of Realism。Oxford：Blackwell。 |
| 6. | Harré, Rom、Madden, Edward H.(1975)。Causal Powers。Oxford, UK：Blackwell Publishing。 |
| 7. | Hoover, Kevin D.(2001)。Causality in Macroeconomics。Cambridge。 |
| 8. | Cartwright, Nancy(1989)。Nature's Capacities and Their Measurement。Oxford University Press。 |
| 9. | Hausman, Daniel M.(1992)。The Inexact and Separate Science of Economics。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。 |
| 10. | Woodward, James(2003)。Making Things Happen: A Theory of Causal Explanation。Oxford University Press。 |
| 11. | Earman, John(1983)。Testing Scientific Theories, Minnesota Studies in the Philosophy of Science, vol. 10。Minneapolis, MN。 |
| 12. | Copleston, Frederick(1993)。A History of Philosophy, Volume I: Greece and Rome, from the Pre-Socratics to Plotinus。New York, USA。 |
| 13. | Harré, Rom、Jerrold L. Aronson、Eileen Cornell Way(1994)。Realism Rescued: How Scientific Progress is Possible。London。 |
| 14. | Kant, Immanuel(2003)。Critique of Pure Reason, translated by Norman Kemp Smith。Hampshire ; UK ; New York ; USA。 |
| 15. | Steel, Daniel P.(2008)。Across the Boundaries: Extrapolation in Biology and Social Science。Oxford：Oxford University Press。 |