Past research on images of Jiajing-era Japanese pirates depended entirely upon the "Japanese Pirates" scroll painting (Wokou tujuan 倭寇圖卷). Two recently available scroll paintings, the "Famous Anti-Japanese Pirate Avengers" (Mingren kangwou tu 明人抗倭圖) and the "Taiping Anti-Japanese Pirate Avengers" (Taiping kangwou tu 太平抗倭圖), raise important issues in the study of images of Japanese pirates. This article introduces a new approach to compare these three scroll paintings. First, the article discusses the relationship between the temporal sequences in "Japanese Pirates" and the "Famous Anti-Japnaese Pirate Avengers." Next, the article compares the images of Japanese pirates in the three paintings, analyzing the painters' representations of Zhao Wenhua (趙文華) and Hu Zongxian (胡宗憲)'s attacks against Japanese pirates. The "Taiping Anti-Japanese Pirate Avengers" painting reflects the collective memories of the appearance of Japanese pirates.