我國過去將低放射性廢棄物置於離島之原住民居住地區，因而關於原住民權益之保障、環境正義之落實、鄰避效應與國土安全之爭議，未曾暫息。為解決多年來延宕未決之低放射性廢棄物最終處置問題，總統於民國 95年 5月 24日正式公布施行「低放射性廢棄物最終處置設施場址設置條例」，作為低放射性廢棄物處置場址選址程序之法律依據，其重要性不可言喻。然而，回顧該條例之立法過程可知，諸多條款係各方勢力角力與妥協下之產物，因此於現時運作時，難免因規範衝突與漏洞懸而未決，推遲選址進程。姑且不論我國未來能源政策之走向為何，核能運用之比例多少，核電廠是否興建等政策應該如何決定，已然產生之放射性廢棄物必須妥善掩埋與處置，以確保國民與國土之安全。基於此等認知，本文嘗試釐清選址條例之立法精神與規範要旨，並參酌美國經驗，簡要分析選址條例兩大立法原則與相應條款之適用問題與解決方向。

It has long been a controversy to manage the disposal of low-level radiation waste since the waste has been temporarily stored in Island Lan-Yu, where is the suboriginates’ district. To solve the siting of low-level radiation waste disposal, the government enacted “the Regulation for the Siting of the Low-Level Radiation Waste Repository” (hereinafter the “Sitting Act”) in 2006. However, because of the Not-In-My-Back-Yard syndrome, the conflicts between competing values and the concern of protecting sub originates’ rights, it reveals several obstacles in implementing the law and policy. Therefore, this paper will examine the core issues of institutional problems and learn from the US experiences, aiming at offering suggestions on institutional fine-tuning to facilitate the application of the Siting Act.