Abstract The paint factory often uses or adds many harmful chemicals for labors in the process. If there aren’t effective local exhaust ventilation systems to capture these hazardous substances in a plant, they will spread everywhere. Excessive exposure of these hazardous substances by workers shall further influence their health. Furthermore, local exhaust ventilation systems will decrease their effectiveness of capturing harmful substances by a wrong exhaust hood type, inappropriate duct size, misuse of exhaust blowers or motors with incorrect specifications, and bad operating habits by workers and etc.. In order to determine the optimum exhaust hood type in this study, the possibly dispersed hazardous substances during production processes (such as:mixing, adjusting, grinding, and packaging and so on) were considered from factors of the labor operating patterns, machine types, raw materials and etc.. An actual improvement case was also given to verify the previous discussion. When these improving methods were used to assist the paint industry for improvement, the average overall reduction rate of hazardous substances reached 99%. This shows that these various improvement methods can indeed effectively control the dispersion of hazardous substances and to achieve the purpose of protecting workers.