當代認知神經科學的研究已揭櫫大腦的學習特性及塑性功能。亦即個體接受訓練或學習之後，除了會影響行為表現之外，對大腦神經層面也會有某種程度上的影響。因此，運動訓練對選手的影響也可能不僅止於運動技能的表現，對大腦認知神經的功能也應該會有類似的效果。有鑒於此，對於探討運動訓練對運動選手大腦功能的影響有其重要性。本文研究方法為回顧大腦塑性功能及運動員認知表現的文獻，再從探討及剖析現今研究的方法與結果，並建議未來研究可行方法。希望藉此能提供運動科學或運動教練相關領域實用的訊息。

Studies in the field of cognitive neuroscience have demonstrated the characteristics of learning and plasticity of brain. This means that training or learning affects not only behavioral but also brain level, which may also occur from sport training. Accordingly, it may be of importance to investigate the effect of sport training on athletes' brain function. Here we firstly reviewed research from the topic related to learning or training and its influence on brain plasticity, we secondly explored this topic applied to athletes, and then we discuss the study methodologies and findings, finally, we provide eligible study directions for future studies. To put this end, it is our wish that these knowledge would provide practical benefits to the field of sport science or sport coach.