紐拉特是維也納學圈的關鍵人物，引領學圈「統一科學」實踐運動，他的科學觀及對知識的看法，雖在當時是學圈中的少數，但如今在科學哲學和知識論學界越發受到重視，重新被挖掘審視。紐拉特的論述從反傳統哲學觀點開始，批判關於經驗知識基礎和科學探究方法的傳統見解，他認為傳統哲學的權威會形成科學發展的障礙。本文將初步探討紐拉特反基礎論、反固定科學方法的觀點，及整體論的統一科學概念。

This paper offers a preliminary study of Otto Neurath's philosophy of science. Neurath was a key member of the Vienna Circle in the early twentieth century. His point of view in relation to scientific knowledge was a minority in the circle, different from other members like Schlick and Carnap. In recent years it has been rediscovered and has entered the mainstream of Anglo-American epistemology and philosophy of science. Neurath's ideas of anti-foundationalism, opposition to fixed methods in practical science, and his holism anticipated the work of later naturalists and pragmatists W. V. Quine, Kuhn and Feyerabend who criticized the 'orthodoxy' of logical empiricist philosophy of science. This paper examines Neurath's notions and shows they were also contained in his holistic concept of 'unified science'.