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題名:身體曼荼羅
書刊名:新世紀宗教研究
作者:許明銀
作者(外文):Hsu, Ming-yin
出版日期:2012
卷期:11:2
頁次:頁143-163
主題關鍵詞:金剛乘佛教怛特羅曼荼羅明點Vajrayāna BuddhismTantraRgyudMandalaDkyil 'khorRlungPrānaRtsaNādīThig leBindu
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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後期的印度密教即怛特羅佛教,也就是所謂的金剛乘佛教。除了運用身心複合體的氣.脈.明點進行精神.生理學上的操作之外,還配合人類身體的小宇宙,與外在世界(視為佛.菩薩示現者)的大宇宙之合一;藉助於曼荼羅是宇宙圖,身體亦是宇宙的縮圖,故以曼荼羅作為媒介,為了與佛的神祕合一體驗,獲得菩提、成就佛果。毫無疑問地,金剛乘的身體論多少受到濕婆教的影響,不過在存在論上、認識論上、或在修行方法上兩者都是截然不同的。要從事瑜伽與怛特羅的修持,必須有極高的智力。所以它不是適合所有的人,事實上也是如此的。瑜伽與怛特羅只適合一些得天獨厚具有高度知性的教養與能力者。故西藏佛教的上師說,金剛乘的修持成佛容易,墮入地獄也容易。吾人不可不慎!
The later Indian Esoterism or Tāntric Buddhism, is also called Vajrayāna Buddhism. It must exert breath (rlung, Skt. prāṇa), channels (rtsa, Skt. nāḍī) and drops (thig le, Skt. bindu) of the psycho-physical complex; besides these (psycho-physiological operations), Vajrayāna also adopts that homology of macrocosm and microcosm. The former signifies the external worlds out of the emanations of the Buddhas and the Bodhisattvas, while the latter indicates the mirror of the universe, or the human body. Maṇḍala is a cosmogram; hence the human body is the epitome of the universe. Through visualizing maṇḍala, it brings to the aim of the experience of mystical identification with the Buddhas, and then, it comes to attain enlightenment (byang chub, Skt. bodhi), meanwhile achieving Buddhahood (sangs rgyas kyi go 'phang, Skt. buddhatva).Surely the human body theory of Vajrayāna had been influenced by the Śaiva Schools (Śivaism), more or less. But in terms of ontological, epistemological or practical methods, there are totally different. It is clear that the highest degree of intellectual power is necessary to follow the path of Yoga (especially Haṭhayoga) and Tantra (Anuttarayoga), and that it cannot be, and, in fact, never was, meant for all. Yoga and Tantra were meant only for a few fortunate persons who were blessed with a high degree of intellectual refinement and power. As mentioned above, I often remember the Tibetan Master's saying, ”Practicing Vajrayāna is easy to achieve Buddhahood, but also easy to sink into the underworld (dmyal ba, Skt. naraka).” So all of us must be careful!
圖書
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2.許明銀(2010)。西藏密教。新北:世樺國際股份有限公司。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Bhattacharyya, Benoytosh(1980)。An Introduction to Buddhist Esoterism。Delhi:Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited。  new window
4.Bhattacharyya, Narendra Nath(1987)。History of the Tantric Religion。New Delhi:Manohar。  new window
5.Tucci, Giuseppe(1949)。Tibetan Painted Scrolls。Rome:La Libreria Dello Stato。  new window
6.Tucci, Giuseppe、Samuel, Geoffrey(1980)。The Religions of Tibet。London:Routledge & Kegan Paul。  new window
7.Moacanin, Radmila、江亦麗、羅照輝(1999)。榮格心理學與西藏佛教。臺北:臺灣商務印書館。  延伸查詢new window
8.許明銀(2006)。西藏佛教史。台北:佛哲書舍。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.立川武藏著(1986)。曼荼羅の神々--仏教のイコノロジー(Iconology聖像),東京:Arina Publishing Co。  延伸查詢new window
2.正木晃著(2007)。《マンダラとは何か》(曼荼羅是什麼?),東京:日本放送出版協會。  延伸查詢new window
3.田中公明著(2004)。兩界曼荼羅の誕生,東京:春秋社。  延伸查詢new window
4.田中公明著(1996)。インド.チベツト(印度.西藏)曼荼羅の研究,京都:法藏館。  延伸查詢new window
5.東北大學西藏學術登山隊人文班報告(1989)。曼荼羅の世界--その芸術.宗教.生活,東京:小學館。  延伸查詢new window
6.松長有慶著(2001)。秘密集會タントラ和訳,京都:法藏館。  延伸查詢new window
7.酒井真典著(1956、1987)。修訂增補チベツト密教教理の研究(一),東京:國書刊行會。  延伸查詢new window
8.森雅秀著(1997)。マンダラ(曼荼羅)の密教儀礼,東京:春秋社。  延伸查詢new window
9.Bhattacharyya, Benoytosh著,神代峻通譯(1988)。インド(印度)密教學序說,東京:東洋書院。  延伸查詢new window
10.Guenther, Herbert V., & Trungpa, Chögyam著,宮坂宥勝宥洪譯(1992)。タントラ(怛特羅)叡智の曙光--タントラ仏教の哲學と实踐--,京都:人文書院。  延伸查詢new window
11.Tucci, Giuseppe著,Rolf W. Giebel譯(1984)。マンダラ(曼荼羅)の理論と实踐,東京:平河出版社。  延伸查詢new window
12.Fincher, Susanne F.(1991)。Creating Mandalas: for insight, healing, and selfexpression,Boston:Shambhala Publications。  new window
13.Gyatso, Tenzin (Dalai Lama X IV)(1985)。Kindness, Clarity, and Insight,New York:Snow Lion Publications。  new window
14.Gyatso, Tenzin (Dalai Lama X IV)(1985)。The Dalai Lama A Policy of Kindness: An Anthology of Writings By and About the Dalai Lama,New York:Snow Lion Publications。  new window
15.Matsunaga, Yukei (松長有慶)(1978)。The Guhyasamāja tantra, 秘密集會タントラ校訂梵本。  延伸查詢new window
16.Moacanin, Radmila(1988)。Jung's Psychology and Tibetan Buddhism,London:Wisdom Publication。  new window
17.Snellgrove, D. L.(1959, 1976)。The Hevajra Tantra。  new window
18.Tucci, Giuseppe(1961)。The Theory and Practice of the Maṇḍala,London:Rider。  new window
 
 
 
 
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