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題名:"Whom Do You Believe, Your Eyes or My Words?": Re-reading Disabled Subject in Melville from a Žižekian Perspective
書刊名:高雄師大學報. 人文與藝術類
作者:王曉慧 引用關係
作者(外文):Wong, Hiu-wai
出版日期:2012
卷期:33
頁次:頁63-81
主題關鍵詞:象徵身份齊傑克失能亞哈象徵層假面號令Symbolic identityŽižekDisabilityAhabSymbolic mask-mandate
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不少失能研究的學者認為赫爾曼•梅爾維爾對失能角色亞哈之再現已多有貢獻,但對其描繪有過度本質化及化約的傾向。筆者認為可使用齊傑克的象徵層理論對之做出更近一步的研究。齊傑克指出已奠定的主體概念中,充滿了象徵層編織的多重謊言,由此可見亞哈看似靜態的截肢形象其實尚有可討論之處。建立在學者大衛•米其爾和樂絲瑪莉•格蘭湯生的探討之上,可更深化探究史巴克和史達等船員如何對失能者產生偏見,和亞哈本人又是如何無法自制地被這種偏見左右。而關於截肢角色的典型形象,在這裡齊傑克象徵層假面號令的概念,可作為一有意義的架構,幫助我們深化對於失能主體與關於失能的偏頗論述間衝突的分析,這些分析過去失能研究學者雖已展開卻未完成。從齊傑克的觀點來看,轉變成為失能主體,置亞哈於巨大的磨難中,因為他不只在身體上有了創傷,同時在象徵層則是船長的位置上受到威脅,在這樣的狀況下,大寫他深具影響力但卻固執不變的特性,因此這必須是一個探討的重點。就大寫他者而言,齊傑克象徵身份的理論讓我們透視象徵層建構物固執而盲目的特性,那有助於我們看清楚亞哈和船員間的衝突,也就是被象徵層排斥的失能主體及受到象徵層掌控的一般主體間的對立。當脆弱的象徵層謊言被揭穿,我們當可了解現實與象徵層間的不一致性。
Some proponents of disability studies consider Herman Melville's portrayal of the disabled character of Ahab as essentializing and reductive. Despite the contribution that scholars of disability studies have made to the investigation of Melville's representation of the maimed captain, I would argue that one can expand the discussion by drawing on Slavoj Žižek's theory on the symbolic. Following Žižek's criticism on the symbolic fabrication of manifold lies about the established notion of the subject, there are much more to be found concerning Ahab's seemingly static image of amputation. Building on the discussions of David Mitchell and Rosemarie Garland-Thomson, one can explore how such crewmates as Starbuck and Stubb become bigoted about the disabled, as well as how Ahab himself is helplessly influenced by this bigotry. As for the stereotype image of the amputated man, Slavoj Žižek's notion of the symbolic mask-mandate serves as a meaningful framework to help us deepen the analysis of the conflict between the disabled subject and the bigoted discourse of disability, which has been done but not yet finished by proponents of disability studies. From a Žižekian perspective, becoming a disabled subject puts Ahab in great affliction, since he is not only wounded physically, but is threatened symbolically in terms of his position as captain. The influential but fixed nature of the big Other should therefore be discussed. In terms of the big Other, Žižek's theory of symbolic identity lets us see through the rigid and blind nature of symbolic construction, and therefore helps us understand the conflicts between Ahab, the disabled subject excluded from the symbolic, and his crewmen, the abled subjects subordinated to the symbolic. After uncovering the weakness of the symbolic lies, one will understand the incongruity between reality and the symbolic discourse.
期刊論文
1.Bryant, Levi R.(2008)。Žižek's New Universe of Discourse; Politics and the Discourse of the. Capitalist。Intemation Journal of Žižek Studies,2(4)。  new window
會議論文
1.Lacan, Jacques、Miller, Jacques-Alain、Grigg, Russell(1993)。The Seminar of Jacques Lacan, Book III: The Psychoses (1955-1956)。New York:Norton。  new window
2.Mitchell, David(2001)。The Language of Prosthesis in Moby-Dick。Melville “Among the Nations”: Proceedings of an International Conference, Volos, Greeks,Ed. Sanford E. Marovitz and Athanasios C. Christodoulou (會議日期: 19970702-19970706)。Kent:Kent State UP。355-366。  new window
圖書
1.Booker, M. Keith(2005)。Encyclopedia of Literature and Politics: Censorship, Revolution, and Writing。Westport:Greenwood P。  new window
2.Depoortere, Frederick(1979)。Joussiance Feminine? Lacan on Bernini’s ‘The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, Versus Slavoj Žižek on Lars Vov Trier’s ‘Breaking the Waves'。Encountering Transcendence: Contributions to a Theology of Christian Religious Experience。Leuven:Peeters。  new window
3.Edwards, Martha(Ed.)。The Body and Physical Difference: Discourses of Disability。  new window
4.Edwards, Mary K. Bercaw(2006)。Ships, Whaling, and the Sea。A Companion to Herman Melville。Oxford:Blackwell Publishing Ltd。  new window
5.Melville, Herman(1967)。“Etching of a Whaling Cruise” (1847)。Moby-Dick: An Authoritative Text, Reviews and Letters by Melville, Analogues and Sources, Criticism。New York:W. W. Norton。  new window
6.Melville, Herman、Hayford, Harrison、Parker, Hershel(1967)。Moby-Dick: An Authoritative Text, Reviews and Letters by Melville, Analogues and Sources, Criticism。New York:W. W. Norton。  new window
7.Mitchell, David T.、Snyder, Sharon L.(1997)。The Body and Physical Difference: Discourses of Disability。Ann Arbor:U of Michigan P。  new window
8.Peretz, Eyal(2003)。Literature,Disaster, and the Enigma of Power: A Reading of 'Moby-Dick'。California:Stanford UP。  new window
9.Rousseau, Jean-Jacques、Philip, Franklin、Coleman, Patrick(1994)。Discourse on Inequality。Oxford:Oxford UP。  new window
10.Wood, Kelsey(2012)。Žižek: A Reader's Guide。Oxford:Blackwell。  new window
11.Žižek, Slavoj(2006)。How To Read Lacan。London:Granta Books。  new window
12.Muller, John P.、Richardson, William J.(1982)。Lacan and Language: A Reader's Guide to Ecrits。New York:International University Press。  new window
13.Lemaire, Anika、Macey, David(1977)。Jacques Lacan。Wiltshire:Boston:Routledge & Kegan Paul。  new window
14.Garland-Thomson, Rosemarie(1997)。Extraordinary Bodies: Figuring Physical Disability in American Culture and Literature。New York:Columbia University Press。  new window
15.Homer, Sean(2005)。Jacques Lacan。New York:London:Routledge。  new window
16.Žižek, Slavoj(1999)。The Ticklish Subject: The Absent Centre of Political Ontology。Verso。  new window
17.Mitchell, David T.、Snyder, Sharon L.(2000)。Narrative Prosthesis: Disability and the Dependencies of Discourse。Ann Arbor, Michigan:The University of Michigan Press。  new window
18.Lacan, Jacques、Fink, Bruce(2002)。Écrits。New York:Norton。  new window
19.Lacan, Jacques、Miller, Jacques-Alain、Tomaselli, Sylvana(1991)。The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis 1954-1955。New York:W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
20.Sarup, Madan(1992)。Jacques Lacan。Harvester Wheatsheaf。  new window
其他
1.(2008)。Capitalist 20121219。  new window
2.Jain, K. K.(20110107)。Phantom Limb Pain 20110112。  new window
3.Otter, Samuel.(2006)。Introduction: Melville and Disability 20101221。  new window
4.Samson, John William(1999)。Melville 20101023。  new window
5.Thomson, Rosemarie Garland(2004)。The Cultural Logic of Euthanasia: ‘Sad Fancyings’ in Herman Melville's ‘Bartleby' 20101022。  new window
圖書論文
1.Shakespeare, Tom、Watson, Nick(2001)。Disability, Politics and Recognition。Handbook of Disabilities Studies。London:Sage。  new window
 
 
 
 
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