英教育家F. Clarke民主教育理念之探究__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	英教育家F. Clarke民主教育理念之探究
書刊名：	教育研究集刊
作者：	顧曉雲
作者(外文)：	Ku, Hsiao-yuh
出版日期：	2013
卷期：	59:2
頁次：	頁89-114
主題關鍵詞：	自由主義式的民主；民主教育；F. Clarke；Liberal democracy；Democratic education
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:0 點閱:25

本文旨在探究英國教育家F. Clarke（1880-1952）之民主教育理念，主要闡述Clarke民主理念之三大要點，亦即「平等與選擇」、「國家與社群」及「自由與責任」，以及此三大要點分別在中等教育、教育行政及公民素養教育等三方面的意涵。首先，Clarke主張有機的平等概念，並呼籲根據學生不同的性向和能力提供適當的中等教育。其次，Clarke堅持國家和社群不能等同，並劃定國家教育功能的範圍，同時提倡由中央、地方和教師專業組織組成之「三方夥伴關係」。最後，Clarke強調「負責任的自由」，並重視培養公民對於社群的責任。Clarke此三大方面的民主教育理念不僅體現了「自由主義式的民主」（liberaldemocracy）的精神，更極具英式民主的特徵。透過對於Clarke之民主教育理念的研究，本文不僅揭示了英國於1930至1940年代民主教育的主流論述，更有助於深化吾人對於英國從19世紀初到20世紀中葉之民主理論發展的瞭解。

以文找文

This paper aims to examine Fred Clarke’s ideas of democratic education. Clarke (1880-1952) was a well-known English educationist in the mid-twentieth century. Throughout his life, he was concerned about the development of democratic education and contributed himself to the establishment of a democratic social order. Although Clarke’s ideas of democratic education were scattered throughout his essays, speech notes and lecture notes rather than concentrated in one or two major works, three of his key themes are discussed in this paper: “equality and selection,” “the State and the community,” and “freedom and responsibility.” The ideas are all embodied in the ideals of liberal democracy and the essence of British democracy. Moreover, these three themes are elaborated in this paper in relation to secondary education, educational administration and citizenship education respectively. Through the study on Clarke’s ideas, this paper not only reveals the predominant discourses of democratic education in the 1930s and 1940s in Britain, but also sheds some light on the historical development of democratic theories from the nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	Clarke, F.(1933)。Saving democracy。The Teachers' Magazine，15(66)，8-12。
2.	Clarke, F(1933)。Some reflections on secondary education。University of Toronto Quarterly，3(1)，66-67。
3.	Clarke, F(1935)。The prospect in Canadian education。McGill News，16(1)，20-59。
4.	Clarke, F.(1936)。The State: Master or servant?。The New Era，17(3)，61-65。
5.	Clarke, F.(1936)。A review of educational thought: The conflict of philosophies。The Yearbook of Education，249-269。
6.	Clarke, F.(1940)。Now and tomorrow: II Planning freedom。The New Era，21(9)，221-223。
7.	Clarke, F.(1941)。A note on the exploratory years。The New Era，22(9)，198-200。
8.	Clarke, F.(1944)。Educational research in the new setting British。Journal of Educational Psychology，14(1)，1-6。
9.	Clarke, F.(1944)。Notes on the way (II)。Time and Tide，25(10)，193-194。
10.	Clarke, F(1945)。The English education act of 1944: Its scope and significance。University of Toronto Quarterly，14(2)，181-187。
11.	Clarke, F.(1945)。The new importance of adult education。
12.	Clarke, F.(1946)。Taking the measure of it。Times Educational Supplement，26，39。
13.	Clarke, F.(1950)。Teacher, film and state。Visual Education，4-7。
14.	Clarke, F.(1951)。Quality and equality。The Schoolmaster，CLX(2188)，22-23。
15.	Marwick, A.(1964)。Middle opinion in the thirties: Planning, progress and political agreement。English Historical Review，79(311)，285-298。
16.	McCulloch, G.(2002)。Local education authorities and the organization of secondary education, 1943-1950。Oxford Review of Education，28(2/3)，235-246。

會議論文
1.	Clarke, F.(1934)。Vocational factors in the curriculum。New Education Fellowship Conference。South Africa。
2.	Clarke, F.(1935)。The British idea in education。Conference in New Ideals in Education。Oxford。
3.	Clarke, F.(1944)。Voluntary organization in an educative society。Standing Conference of National Youth Organizations。
4.	Clarke, F.(1948)。Role of universities and voluntary bodies in adult education。First Conference of National Foundation for Adult Education。Buxton。
5.	Clarke, F.(1949)。Secondary modern school。

學位論文
1.	Clarke, F.(1936)。Britain old and new in education(-)。

圖書
1.	Addison, P.(2010)。No turning back: The peacetime revolutions of post-war Britain。Oxford, UK：Oxford University Press。
2.	Aldrich, R.(2004)。Clarke, Sir Fred。Oxford dictionary of national biography。Oxford, UK：Oxford University Press。
3.	Board of Education(1926)。Report of the consultative committee on the education of the adolescent。London. UK：HMSO。
4.	Board of Education(1943)。Educational reconstruction。London. UK：HMSO。
5.	Board of Education(1943)。Report of the consultative committee on curriculum and examination in secondary schools。London, UK：HMSO。
6.	Bosanquet, B.(1895)。Socialism and natural selection。Aspects of the social problem。London, UK：Mcmillan。
7.	Bosanquet, B.(1907)。The social criterion。London, UK：William Blackwood and Sons。
8.	Bosanquet, B.(2001)。The philosophical theory of the State。The philosophical theory of the state and related essays。South Bend. IN。
9.	Brooke, S.(1995)。Reform and reconstruction: Britain after the war 1945-1951。Manchester, UK：Manchester University Press。
10.	Clarke, F.(1923)。Essays in the politics of education。Oxford, UK：Oxford University Press。
11.	Clarke, F.(1938)。The crisis in education。Church, community and state in relation to education。London, UK：G. Allen and Unwin。
12.	Clarke, F.(1939)。The crisis of freedom in education。Problems in modern education。Cambridge, UK：Cambridge University Press。
13.	Clarke, F.(1939)。Education for citizenship in the British dominions。Education for democracy。New York, NY：Teachers College, lumbia University。
14.	Clarke, F.(1939)。Future of secondary education , Address to the N. U. W. T. Educational Conference at University College。London。
15.	Clarke, F.(1948)。Freedom in the educative society, Freedom in the educative society。London, UK：University of London Press。
16.	Cunningham, H.(2001)。The challenge of democracy: Britain 1832-1918。London, UK：Pearson Education。
17.	Garforth, F. W.(1980)。Education democracy: John Stuart Mill on education in society。Oxford, UK：Oxford University Press。
18.	Green. T. H.(1893)。Lectures on the principles of political obligation。Works of Thomas Hill Green。London, UK：Longmans, Green, and Co.。
19.	Held, D.(1996)。Models of democracy。Polity Press。
20.	Hobhouse, L. T.(1994)。Liberalism。Liberalism and other writings。Cambridge, UK：Cambridge University Press。
21.	Hobson, J. A.(1909)。The crisis of liberalism: New issues of democracy。London：UK: P. S. King and Son。
22.	Hobson, J. A.(1938)。Confessions of an economic heretic。London, UK：George Allen and Unwin。
23.	Lindsay, A. D.(1942)。Education。A Christian basis for the post-war world: A commentary on the ten peace points。London, UK：Student Christian Movement Press。
24.	Lindsay, A. D.(1943)。The modern democratic state。Oxford University Press。
25.	Simon, E.(1934)。The need for training for citizenship。Education for citizenship。London, UK：Association for Education in Citizenship。
26.	Stamp, J.(1939)。Essential characteristic of democracy。Education for democracy。New York, NY：Teachers College, Columbia University。
27.	Vincent, A.、Plant, R.(1984)。Philosophy politics and citizenship: The life and thought of the British idealists。Oxford：Basil Blackwell。
28.	Wintrop, N(1983)。Liberal-democratic theory: The new liberalism, democratic theory and its critics。Liberal democratic theory and its critics。London UK：Croom Helm。
29.	Macpherson, Crawford Brough(1977)。The Life and Times of Liberal Democracy。Oxford University Press。
30.	Carr, Wilfred、Hartnett, Anthony(1996)。Education and the struggle for democracy: The politics of educational ideas。Open University Press。
31.	Tawney, R. H.(1952)。Equality。London：George Allen and Unwin。
32.	Board of Education(1944)。Education Act 1944。London：HMSO。
33.	Clarke, F.(1940)。Education and social change: An English interpretation。London：The Sheldon Press。

其他
1.	Clarke, F.(1931)。Some issues of modern secondary education，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
2.	Clarke, F.(1933)。The crisis in secondary education，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
3.	Clarke, F.(1935)。Democracy and education，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
4.	Clarke, F.(1935)。The democratic state: Ideals of education，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
5.	Clarke, F.(1937)。Training of the teacher，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
6.	Clarke, F.(1939)。The path of freedom，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
7.	Clarke, F.(1940)。The prospect in English education，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
8.	Clarke, F.(1941)。Changing conception of secondary education，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
9.	Clarke, F.(1943)。The case for educntional research，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
10.	Clarke, F(1944)。The new outlook in English education，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
11.	Clarke, F(1944)。Educating for democracy，Institute of Education Archives. University of London。
12.	Clarke, F(1945)。Reconstruction and training of teachers，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
13.	Clarke, F.(1946)。The English education system，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
14.	Clarke, F.(1946)。The task before us，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
15.	Clarke, F.(1946)。Aim and purpose of the new secondary school。
16.	Clarke, F.(1946)。Some problems of the new secondary organization，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
17.	Clarke, F.(1946)。English education in post-war world，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
18.	Clarke, F.(1947)。The English approach to education，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
19.	Clarke, F.(1947)。Progress and present prospects of educational science，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
20.	Clarke, F.(1947)。The English tradition in education，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
21.	Clarke, F.(1948)。Living together in freedom，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
22.	Clarke, F.(1949)。An Interim Survey，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
23.	Clarke, F.(1949)。Eight public lectures on education and culture，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
24.	Clarke, F.(1949)。Eight public lectures on education and culture，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
25.	Clarke, F(1950)。Education and the economic prospect，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
26.	Clarke, F.(1950)。Education act and the teachers，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
27.	Clarke, F.(1950)。What kind of secondary education?，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
28.	Clarke, F.(1950)。The new era in education，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
29.	Clarke, F.(1951)。The new importance of adult education，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
30.	Clarke, F.(1951)。Taking education seriously，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
31.	Clarke. F.(1951)。A literate democracy，Institute of Education Archives, University of London。
32.	Special Committee on Secondary Grammar, Training College and University Education(1944)。Minutes of the second meeting，Institute of Education Archives. University of London。
33.	The democratic slate: Ideals of education(1935)。Copy in possession of Clarke。

圖書論文
1.	Mill, J. S.(1991)。On liberty。On liberty and other essays。Oxford：Oxford University Press。
2.	Thom, D.(1986)。The 1944 education act: The "art of the possible"。War and social change。Manchester：Manchester University Press。

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