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題名：Metacognitive Awareness in English Listening: A Study of Taiwanese Non-English Majors
書刊名：國立虎尾科技大學學報
作者：張瓊文
作者(外文)：Chang, Chiung-wen
出版日期：2013
卷期：31:3
頁次：頁75-90
主題關鍵詞：後設認知；英文聽力；非英文系學生；Metacognitive awareness；Listening comprehension；Non-English majors
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
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此研究旨在調查大學生的英文聽力後設認知，以及他們聽英文時所遇到的困難和使用的策略。研究對象為213位來自於臺灣南部兩所大學非英文系的學生，研究工具為英文聽力後設認知問卷與訪談，研究結果指出三個後設認知，即“解決問題”，“引導注意力”，“個人知識”，是積極的影響英語聽力的因素，而“精神翻譯”為負。參與研究的學生表示在聽英文時所遇到的困難因素主要來自於聽力文本，接著依序為說話者因素、聽力文本呈現方式、最後為聽者本身。最常遇到的困難包含字彙量不足、內容不熟悉、缺乏練習、背景知識不足、無法重覆聽、不懂的片語、不懂的字彙、說話方式、以及知覺層次的問題。最末，根據本研究結果及討論，指出本研究的限制以及未來相關研究之建議提出說明。
This paper reports on the findings of an investigation into the metacognitive awareness held by 213 non-English majors aged 16-18 years regarding listening comprehension in English and the difficulties they perceive and the strategies they use. The data in this study was obtained through questionnaires (MALQ, Vandergrift et al, 2006) and follow-up interviews conducted with students. The results of the study indicate that three metacognitive awarenesses, namely ”problem-solving”, ”directed attention”, and ”person knowledge”, are positive factors affecting EFL listening while ”mental translation” is negative. The findings of the study also show that EFL learners experience a range of listening problems. Students identified a number of factors that contribute to difficulties in listening comprehension: listening text issues, the speaker, matter of motivation and interest, presentation of the spoken text, and factors relating to student themselves. Furthermore, most learners attributed their difficulties in listening to their own supposed low ability in the skill and to the difficulty of the texts set, with little awareness shown regarding the role played by ineffective listening strategies or skill application. To overcome them, various techniques which help learners to utilize effective strategies to confront problems of listening comprehension are discussed and the pedagogic implications are stated.
期刊論文
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2.Baleghizadeh, S.、Rahimi, A. H.(2011)。The relationship among listening performance, metacognitive strategy use and motivation from a self-determination theory perspective。Theory and Practice in Language Studies，1，61-67。  new window
3.Eastman, J. K.(1991)。Learning to listen and comprehend: The beginning stages。System，19(3)，179-88。  new window
4.Lin, Qiong(2002)。A metacognitive study on unsuccessful listeners。Foreign Language World，88(2)，40-44。  new window
5.O’Bryan, A.、Hegelheimer, V.(2009)。Using a mixed methods approach to explore strategies, metacognitive awareness and the effects of task design on listening development。Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics，12，9-37。  new window
6.Rahimi. M.、Katal, M.(2012)。listening strategies awareness in learning English as a foreign language: A comparison between university and high-school students。Procedia- Social and Behavioral Sciences，31，82-89。  new window
7.Vandergrifl, L.、Tafaghodtari, M. H.(2010)。Teaching L2 learners how to listen does make a difference: An empirical study。Language Learning，60，470-497。  new window
8.Vandergrift, L.、Goh, C. C. M.、Mareschal, C. J.、Tafaghodtari, M. H.(2006)。The metacognitive awareness listening questionnaire: Development and validation。Language Learning，56(3)，431-462。  new window
9.Graham, S.、Macaro, E.(2008)。Strategy Instruction in Listening, for Low-Intermediate Learners of French。Language Learning，58(4)，747-783。  new window
10.Thompson, I.、Rubin, J.(1996)。Can strategy instruction improve listening comprehension?。Foreign Language Annals，29(3)，331-342。  new window
11.Vandergrift, L.(2002)。It was nice to see that our predictions were right: Developing metacognition in L2 listening comprehension。The Canadian Modern Language Review，58(4)，555-575。  new window
12.Tsui, A.、Fullilove, J.(1998)。Bottom-up or top-down processing as a discriminator of L2 listening performance。Applied Linguistics，19(4)，432-451。  new window
13.Call, M. E.(1985)。Auditory short-term memory, listening comprehension, and the input hypothesis。TESOL Quarterly，19，765-781。  new window
14.Vogely, A. J.(1998)。Listening comprehension anxiety: Students' reported sources and solutions。Foreign Language Annals，31(1)，67-80。  new window
15.Vandergrift, L.(2003)。Orchestrating strategy use: Toward a model of the skilled second language listener。Language Learning，53(3)，463-496。  new window
16.Field, J.(1998)。Skills and Strategies: towards a New Methodology for Listening。ELT Journal，52(2)，110-118。  new window
17.Wenden, A. L.(1998)。Metacognitive knowledge and language learning。Applied Linguistics，19(4)，515-537。  new window
18.Butler, Deborah L.、Winne, Philip H.(1995)。Feedback and self-regulated learning: A theoretical synthesis。Review of Educational Research，65(3)，245-281。  new window
19.Arnold, J.(2000)。Seeing through Listening comprehension Exam Anxiety。TESOL Quarterly，34(4)，777-786。  new window
20.Vandergrift, Laurens(1997)。The comprehension strategies of second language (French) listeners: A descriptive study。Foreign Language Annals，30(3)，387-409。  new window
21.O'Malley, J. M.、Chamot, A. U.、Kupper, L.(1989)。Listening comprehension strategies in second language acquisition。Applied Linguistics，10(4)，418-437。  new window
22.Flavell, John H.(1979)。Metacognition and Cognitive Monitoring: A New Area of Cognitive-Developmental Inquiry。American Psychologist，34(10)，906-911。  new window
23.Vandergrift, L.(2004)。Listening to Learn or Learning to Listen?。Annual Review of Applied Linguistics，24(1)，3-25。  new window
24.Sheorey, R.、Mokhtari, K.(2001)。Differences in the metacognitive awareness of reading strategies among native and non-native readers。System，29(4)，431-449。  new window
25.Greene, J. C.、Caracelli, J.、Graham, W. F.(1989)。Toward a Conceptual Framework for Mixed-method Evaluation Design。Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis，11(3)，255-274。  new window
26.Sparks, Richard、Ganschow, Leonore(2001)。Aptitude for learning a foreign language。Annual Review of Applied Linguistics，21，90-111。  new window
27.Zhang, D.、Goh, C. C. M.(2006)。Strategy Knowledge and Perceived Strategy Use: Singaporean Students’ Awareness of Listening and Speaking Strategies。Language Awareness，15(3)，199-219。  new window
28.Vandergrifit, L.(2005)。Relationships among motivation orientations, metacognitive awareness and proficiency in L2 learning。Applied Linguistics，26(1)，70-89。  new window
會議論文
1.Chen, K. T.(2010)。University EFL Learners, Awareness of Metacognitive Listening Comprehension Strategies in Taiwan。2010 Cross-University International Conference on English Teaching，(會議日期: 2010/05/21)。Taipei, Taiwan。  new window
學位論文
1.Bozorgian, H.(2012)。Metacognitive strategy instruction in English as foreign language (EFL) listening skill(博士論文)。Queensland University of Technology，Brisbane, Queensland, Australia。  new window
2.Lee, J. A.(2007)。Exploring metacognitive Strategy use in listening comprehension(碩士論文)。National Taiwan Normal University，Taipei, Taiwan。  new window
3.Liao, K.(2009)。A study of metacognitive awareness about English listening of Taiwanese English majors(碩士論文)。National Pingtung University of Education，Pingtung, Taiwan。  new window
4.Zeng, Y.(2012)。Metacognition and self-regulated learning (SRL) for Chinese EFL listening development(博士論文)。Nanyang Technological University，Singapore。  new window
5.Mareschal, C.(2007)。Student Perceptions of a Self-regulatory approach to second language listening comprehension development(博士論文)。University of Ottawa，Ottawa, Ontario, Canada。  new window
圖書
1.Vandergrift, Larry、Goh, Christine Chuen Meng(2012)。Teaching and learning second language listening: Metacognition in action。Routledge。  new window
2.White, G.(1998)。Listening。Oxford：Oxford University Press。  new window
3.Mackey, A.、Gass, S. M.(2005)。Second language research: Methodology and design。Mahwah, New Jersey：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。  new window
4.Krashen, Stephen D.(1985)。The input hypothesis: Issues and implications。London：Laredo Publishing。  new window
5.Harmer, Jeremy(2001)。The practice of English language teaching。Harlow, Essex：Pearson Education Limited。  new window
6.Wenden, Aaita L.(1991)。Learner Strategies for Learner Autonomy: Planning and Implementing Learner Training for Language Learners。Prentice Hall。  new window
7.Nunan, D.(1989)。Designing tasks for communicative classroom。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
8.Cohen, L.、Manion, L.、Morrison, K.(2000)。Research Methods in Education。London：New York：Routledge Falmer：Routledge Falmer。  new window
9.Richards, Jack C.(1990)。The Language Teaching Matrix。Cambridge University Press。  new window
10.Flowerdew, J.、Miller, L.(2005)。Second language listening: Theory and practice。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
11.Rost, M.(2002)。Teaching and researching listening。Longman。  new window
12.Hedge, T.(2000)。Teaching and learning in the language classroom。Oxford University Press。  new window
13.O'Malley, Joseph Michael、Chamot, Anna Uhl(1990)。Learning strategies in second language acquisition。Cambridge University Press。  new window
14.Buck, Gary(2001)。Assessing listening。Cambridge University Press。  new window
15.Brown, H. Douglas(2000)。Principles of language learning and teaching。Addison Wesley Longman：Pearson Education。  new window
圖書論文
1.Liu, X. L.(2006)。Improving second language listening: Awareness and involvement。Language teacher research in Asia。Alexandria, YA：TESOL。  new window
2.Oxford, R.(2002)。Language learning strategies。The Cambridge guide to teaching English to speakers of other languages。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Baker, L.、Brown, A. L.(1984)。Metacognitive skills and reading。Handbook of Reading Research。New York, NY：Longman。  new window
4.Schmidt, C.(2004)。The analysis of semi-structured interviews。A companion to qualitative research。London：Sage Publication。  new window
 
 
 
 
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