Decoration is the medium of expression in traditional architecture, and also the element thatcontributes to aesthetic structure. The decoration of traditional residences not only reflected theexpectation of the owners but also displayed their social status and roles. Among current studiesof traditional architecture, the research on residence decoration is mostly focused on the symbolicmeanings, techniques or the reflection of the space concept, but rarely considers the aspect of thehistorical background at the time of building nor studies those in charge and their motivations for the decoration. Based on that, this article chose two traditional gentry residences, Hsiau-Yun Villa andChai-Hsing Villa, as study subjects of decoration, and by analyzing their building histories, decoration materials, positions and meanings, interprets the expectations of the owners as reflected in their chosen decorations; also, through comparative analysis, the article discusses the meanings of commons anddifferentiation of decoration within different social roles and building purposes. Hopefully this articlewill serve to provide another vantage point for studies on the values of cultural properties of traditional residences.