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引文資料
題名:
Where Is the Standard? An Analysis of Size Adjectives as Degree Modifiers at the Semantic-Pragmatic Interface
書刊名:
語言暨語言學
作者:
解志國
作者(外文):
Xie, Zhi-guo
出版日期:
2014
卷期:
15:4
頁次:
頁513-538
主題關鍵詞:
大小形容詞
;
級差名詞
;
模糊區域
;
標準
;
極性
;
Gradable nouns
;
Polarity
;
Size adjectives
;
Standard
;
Zone of indifference
原始連結:
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相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(
1
) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:
1
共同引用:0
點閱:15
諸多語言(如漢語和英語)中的大小形容詞可以修飾級差名詞,具有程度解釋。現有文獻認為正極性大小形容詞可以充當程度修飾詞,而負極性大小形容詞則不可以充當程度修飾詞。本文的討論表明負極性大小形容詞在某些「特殊」情況下也可以充當程度修飾詞。本文利用英語和漢語語料,對這些「特殊」情況進行概括總結,並提出一個位於語意–語用界面的分析。根據這一分析,對於負極性大小形容詞,只有在其標準低於其所修飾的級差名詞的標準的語境中,才不可以充當程度修飾詞。這一分析可以解釋:(1) 為什麼正極性大小形容詞總可以充當程度修飾詞,(2) 為什麼負極性大小形容詞在「一般情況」下不可以充當程度修飾詞,(3) 為什麼負極性大小形容詞在某些「特殊」情況下可以充當程度修飾詞。
以文找文
Size adjectives in languages such as English or Mandarin Chinese can have degree readings when they modify gradable nouns. The determiner phrase ‘big idiot,’ for example, can characterize an individual with a high degree of idiocy. It has been argued in the literature that this degree use of size adjectives is available only for positive size adjectives (e.g. “big” and “huge”), not for negative size adjectives (e.g. “small” and “tiny”). Although this generalization holds in most cases, in this paper, I identify several “exceptional” cases where negative size adjectives indeed can felicitously modify gradable nouns. I propose an analysis at the interface between the semantics and pragmatics of gradability that can account for both the general applicability of the “Bigness Generalization” and the exceptional cases to it. A negative size adjective can serve as a degree modifier, except in those contexts where the standard for the negative size adjective falls below the standard for the gradable noun that is modified. Such exceptional contexts have a very wide distribution, leading to the perception of general applicability of the Bigness Generalization.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Abusch, Dorit(2010)。Presupposition triggering from alternatives。Journal of Semantics,27(1),37-80。
2.
Bale, Alan Clinton(1989)。A universal scale of comparison。Linguistics and Philosophy,31(1),1-55。
3.
Breheny, Richard(2008)。A new look at the semantics and pragmatics of numerically quantified noun phrases。Journal of Semantics,25(2),93-139。
4.
Gawron, Jean Mark(1995)。Comparatives, superlatives, and resolution。Linguistics and Philosophy,18(4),333-380。
5.
Kennedy, Christopher(2001)。Polar opposition and the ontology of ‘degrees’。Linguistics and Philosophy,24(1),33-70。
6.
Kennedy, Christopher(2007)。Vagueness and grammar: the semantics of relative and absolute gradable adjectives。Linguistics and Philosophy,30(1),1-45。
7.
Klein, Ewan(1980)。A semantics for positive and comparative adjectives。Linguistics and Philosophy,4(1),1-45。
8.
Morzycki, Marcin(2009)。Degree modification of gradable nouns: size adjectives and adnominal degree morphemes。Natural Language Semantics,17(2),175-203。
9.
Schulz, Katrin、van Rooij, Robert(2006)。Pragmatic meaning and non-monotonic reasoning: the case of exhaustive interpretation.。Linguistics and Philosophy,29(2),205-250。
10.
Schwarzschild, Roger(2008)。The semantics of comparatives and other degree constructions。Language and Linguistics Compass,2(2),308-331。
11.
Schwarzschild, Roger、Wilkinson, Karina(2002)。Quantifiers in comparatives: a semantics of degree based on intervals。Natural Language Semantics,10(1),1-41。
12.
Seuren, Pieter A.(1984)。The comparative revisited。Journal of Semantics,2,109-141。
13.
Winter, Yoad(2005)。Cross-categorial restrictions on measure phrase modification。Linguistics and Philosophy,28(2),233-267。
14.
Kennedy, Christopher、McNally, Louise(2005)。Scale Structure, degree modification, and the semantics of gradable predicates。Language,81(2),345-381。
15.
Sapir, Edward(1944)。Grading: a study in semantics。Philosophy of Science,11(2),93-116。
會議論文
1.
Guerzoni, Elena(2007)。Weak exhaustivity and whether, a pragmatic approach。Semantics and Linguistic Theory,112-129。
2.
Morzycki, Marcin(2005)。Size adjectives and adnominal degree medication。Semantics and Linguistic Theory,116-133。
3.
Xie, Zhiguo(2010)。The other pole of degree modification of gradable nouns by size adjectives: a Mandarin Chinese perspective。12th International Symposium on Chinese Languages and Linguistics,(會議日期: 20100619~20100621)。Taipei:Academia Sinica。
4.
Xie, Zhiguo(2010)。"No big, no small” for the degree use of size adjectives in Mandarin: reality vs. illusion。6th International Workshop on Theoretical East Asian Linguistics,(會議日期: 20100815~20100816)。Beijing:Peking University。15-16。
學位論文
1.
Constantinescu, Camelia(2011)。Gradability in the Nominal Domain(博士論文)。University of Leiden。
2.
Rett, Jessica(2008)。Degree Modification in Natural Language(博士論文)。Rutgers University,New Brunswick。
3.
Sassoon, Galit(2007)。Typicality: A Comprehensive Semantics Analysis(博士論文)。Tel Aviv University,Tel Aviv。
4.
Rooth, Mats(1985)。Association with Focus(博士論文)。University of Massachusetts,Amherst。
圖書
1.
Horn, Laurence R.(1972)。On the Semantics of Logical Operators in English。Los Angeles:University of California dissertation.。
2.
Kennedy, Christopher(1999)。Projecting the Adjective: the Syntax and Semantics of Gradability and Comparison。New York:Garland。
3.
Xie, Zhiguo(2011)。The Relevance of Gradability in Natural Language: Chinese and English。Ithaca:Cornell University dissertation。
4.
Horn, Laurence R.(1989)。A natural history of negation。Chicago:London:The Universitv of Chicago Press。
5.
Bolinger, Dwight(1972)。Degree Words。Mouton。
單篇論文
1.
Sassoon, Galit(2010)。Adjectival versus nominal categorization processes: the rule versus similarity hypothesis,Amsterdam:University of Amsterdam。
2.
Hendriks, Petra(2002)。“Either” as a focus particle,Groningen:University of Groningen。
圖書論文
1.
Cresswell, Maxwell J.(1976)。The semantics of degree。Montague Grammar。New York:Academic Press。
2.
Geurts, Bart(2006)。Take ‘five: the meaning and use of a number word.。Non-definiteness and Plurality。Amsterdam & PhiladelphiA:John Benjamins。
3.
Konig, Jean(1991)。Scalar predicates and negation: punctual semantics and interval interpretations。Chicago Linguistic Society。Chicago:Chicago Linguistic Society。
4.
Krifka, Manfred(2007)。Negated antonyms: creating and filling the gap。Presupposition and Implicature in Compositional Semantics。New York:Palgrave Macmillan。
5.
Sassoon, Galit(2011)。Be positive! Norm-related implications and beyond。Proceedings of Sinn und Bedeutung。
6.
Svenonius, Peter、Kennedy, Christopher(2006)。Northern Norwegian degree questions and the syntax of measurement。Phases of Interpretation。Berlin & Mouton de Gruyter。
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