This article suggests that in his last novel "El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo" (The Fox from Above and the Fox from Below), the Peruvian author José María Arguedas (1911-1969) confronts the crisis of the Andean culture in the Peruvian fishing village of Chimbote, which has suffered from the Spanish colonization and hybridization. The paper analyzes how, in order to represent the desired sustainability of Andean culture, the author presents numerous cultural dualisms only in order to reverse and poetically transcend them. In cyclical cosmological vision of Andean life as flexible, transforming, doubling back in a circular manner, he accomplishes a transcendence of the limits of time, space and cultural death that would be immanent in a linear European chronology