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題名:汽車修理廠作業勞工異氰酸鹽暴露方法測定之研究
書刊名:勞工安全衛生研究季刊
作者:毛義方 引用關係陳美蓮陳怡如鄭淑芳李聯雄陳秋蓉 引用關係陳成裕林志鴻(Lin, Chih-hung) 
作者(外文):Mao, I-fangChen, Mei-lienChen, Yi-juCheng, Shu-fongLee, Lien-hsiungChen, Chiou-jongChen, Chang-yuh
出版日期:2014
卷期:22:3
頁次:頁249-265
主題關鍵詞:異氰酸鹽類包覆型濾紙採樣器兩片式雙層濾紙採樣器汽車修理廠Isocyanates2-piece filter cassette with inner wraparound filters2-piece closed filter cassette with inner wraparound filters2-piece filter cassette with double filters2-piece closed filter cassette with double filtersCar repair factories
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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聚胺基甲酸酯(Polyurethane,PU)產品廣泛應用於汽車工業,然而,其原料異氰酸鹽 (Isocyanate)已被證實會導致呼吸道疾病及氣喘。本研究以包覆型濾紙採樣器(收集總異氰酸鹽)以及兩片式雙層濾紙採樣器(同時收集氣態與氣膠態的異氰酸鹽)於汽車修理廠進行環境中異氰酸鹽(2,6-toluene diisocyanate,2,6-TDI、2,4-toluene diisocyanate,2,4-TDI、1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate,HDI、4,4-methylene bisphenyl isocyanate,MDI與1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate biuret trimer,HDI-BT)的現場採樣,瞭解其作業勞工的暴露現況,以及氣態與氣膠態的分佈,並進行兩種採樣器現場採樣結果之比較,以提出較佳的採樣裝置建議。本研究選取三家汽車修理廠,於噴漆與研磨作業區域同時放置兩種採樣器進行採樣,所使用之衍生試劑為9-甲基胺甲基-蔥(9-(N-methylaminomethyl)anthracene,MAMA),並於採樣完成 後以high performance liquid chromatography /fluorescence detector進行分析。 三家汽車修理廠的研究結果發現,若以包覆型濾紙採樣器的採樣結果來看,在噴漆作業 HDI的最高濃度為9.72μg/m3、2,6-TDI為4.09μg/m3、2,4-TDI為55.76μg/m3、MDI為12.02μg/m3,以上均出現在A廠,而HDI-BT則是以B廠量測到的濃度為最高,其濃度為31.20 μg/m3;研磨作業則各異氰酸鹽之濃度分別為4.81μg/m3、2.01μg/m3、6.17μg/m3、5.78μg/m3與11.32μg/m3,最高濃度亦均出現在A廠。 現場採樣結果之比較,顯示無論在噴漆與研磨作業區域,若以包覆型濾紙採樣器所採集的濃度為基準,其兩片式雙層濾紙採樣器在A、B、C三廠各異氰酸鹽的採集濃度僅在50%以下。此外,不論是噴漆或研磨作業,HDI、2,6-TDI與2,4-TDI皆是以氣態為主,而MDI與HDI-BT則是以氣膠態為主。 因此,就總異氰酸鹽的濃度而言,三家汽車修理廠皆是以包覆型濾紙採樣器所採集的濃度最高,但是此採樣器的缺點是無法區隔氣態與氣膠態的濃度。反之,兩片式雙層濾紙採樣器雖能有效的將氣態與氣膠態的濃度分開,但在高流量、高濕度與長時間的採樣下,氣膠態的濃度會被明顯低估,故於作業環境現場量測時,建議使用包覆型濾紙採樣器採集總異氰酸鹽類並搭配兩片式雙層濾紙採樣器採集氣態與氣膠態的濃度,且建議將採樣時間儘量縮短,以反應作業現場實際濃度,作為異氫酸鹽類相關作業場所危害控制之參考。
Isocyanates, the ingredients of PU products, which are widely used in the car industry, have been confirmed to cause respiratory disease and asthma. This study aimed to investigate the formation of isocyanates in car repair factories and exposure levels for workers, and compare the sampling efficiencies of two different samplers. Three car repair factories in Taipei city were chosen in this study, and the sampling sites were set in the painting and grinding districts of these factories. 2,4-TDI, 2,6-TDI, MDI, HDI and HDI-BT were collected by 2-piece (closed) filter cassette with inner wraparound filters and 2-piece (closed) filter cassette with double filters, which loaded glass-fiber fibers coated by 9-(N-methylaminomethyl) anthracene (MAMA). After derivatization, samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector. Field sampling in car repair factories showed the efficiency of 2-piece (closed) filter cassette with inner wraparound filters was better than that of others. The highest concentrations of HDI, 2,4TDI, 2,6-TDI and MDI in painting districts were 9.72μg/m3, 55.76μg/m3, 4.09μg/m3 and 12.02μg/ m3, respectively. These all appeared in factory A. But the highest concentration of HDI-BT existed in factory B, as 31.20μg/m3. In grinding district in factory A, the highest concentrations of HDI, 2,4TDI, 2,6-TDI, MDI and HDI-BT were 4.81μg/m3, 6.17μg/m3, 2.01μg/m3, 5.78μg/m3 and 11.32μg/m3, respectively. Furthermore, HDI, 2,4-TDI, and 2,6-TDI mainly existed as gas in both operating districts while aerosol were the predominant type of MDI and HDI-BT. Obviously, in car repair factories, the isocyantes were existed as gas and aerosol simultaneously. This study confirmed that 2-piece (closed) filter cassette with inner wraparound filters performed the best capture capability, however, it could not separate gas and aerosol type of isocynates. 2-piece (closed) filter cassette with double filters could separate gas and aerosol isocynates, but it would greatly underestimate the aerosol isocynates at high flow rate, high moisture, and long sampling time. Therefore, this investigation suggested using the 2-piece (closed) filter cassette with inner wraparound filters and the 2-piece (closed) filter cassette with double filters simultaneously might reflect the real situation when the sampling time was short as possible.
期刊論文
1.Marcali, K.(1957)。Microdetermination of toluenediisocyanates in atmosphere。Analytical Chemistry,29,552-558。  new window
2.陳美蓮、汪禧年、石東生、羅宜文、林宜長、毛義方(19990300)。二異氰酸甲苯及二異氰酸二苯甲烷採樣分析技術研究。勞工安全衛生研究季刊,7(1),1-14。new window  延伸查詢new window
3.Henneken, H.、Lindahl, R.、Ostin, A.、Vogel, M.、Levin, J. O.、Karst, U.(2003)。Diffusive sampling of methylisocyanate using 4-nitro-7-piperazinobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBDPZ) as derivatizing agent。Journal of Environment Monitor,5,100-105。  new window
4.Valimaa, J.、Rosenberg, C.、Peltonen, K.、Engstrom, K.(2002)。Exposure to airborne isocyanates and other thermal degradation products at polyurethane-processing workplaces。Journal of Environment Monitor,4,717-721。  new window
5.David, D. J.(1972)。Isocyanic acid esters。Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemical Analysis,15,94-124。  new window
6.Streicher, R. P.、Reh, C. M.(2000)。Determination of airborne isocyanate exposure: considerations in method selection。American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal,61,544-546。  new window
7.李凡、熊映美、陳佳君、劉雨田、周啟馥(19980900)。作業場所勞工過敏性反應與異氰酸類特異性體質相關性之探討。勞工安全衛生研究季刊,6(3),33-46。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.Carlton, G. N.、England, E. C.(2000)。Exposure to 1,6-Hexamethylene diisocyanate during polyurethylene spray painting。Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene,15,705-712。  new window
9.Karlosson, D.、Spanne, M.(2000)。Airbone thermal degradation products of polyurethane coatings in car repair shops。Journal Environment Monitor,2,462-469。  new window
10.Maitre, A.、Leplay, A.、Perdrix, A.(1996)。Comparison between solid sampler and impinger for evaluation of occupational exposure to 1,6-Hexamethylene diisocyanate polyisocyanates during spray painting。American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal,57,153-160。  new window
11.Bernstein, J. A.(1996)。Overview of Diisocyanate Occupational Asthma。Toxicology,111(2),181-189。  new window
12.Sandridge, R. L.、Bargiband, R. F.(1974)。Urethane polymers。Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemical Analysis,19,262-319。  new window
研究報告
1.陳美蓮(2004)。汽車修理業勞工TDI、MDI及HDI暴露同時測定之方法研究。  延伸查詢new window
2.熊映美(1998)。泡棉作業勞工之健康影響因素調查 (計畫編號:IOSH87-M362)。  延伸查詢new window
3.李凡、熊映美(1997)。作業場所勞工過敏性反應與特異性體質相關性之探討--異氰酸鹽 (計畫編號:IOSH86-M161)。  延伸查詢new window
4.蔡肇基、姚振文(2001)。噴漆作業勞工皮膚過敏鑑定技術研究 (計畫編號:IOSH90-M161)。  延伸查詢new window
5.石東生、熊映美、陳秋蓉、汪禧年、李聯雄(2004)。二異氰酸甲苯勞工暴露危害調查研究 (計畫編號:IOSH92-A319)。  延伸查詢new window
6.蔡春進、石東生、洪義夫(2003)。氣態與氣膠態二異氰酸甲苯同步個人採樣技術現場測試研究 (計畫編號:IOSH91-A201)。  延伸查詢new window
學位論文
1.林希貞(2003)。二異氰酸甲苯個人採樣器的現場測試研究(碩士論文)。國立交通大學。  延伸查詢new window
其他
1.(2003)。Sceptre塗料,http://www.fuji-techno.co.jp/sceptre_features_ta.htm/。  new window
圖書論文
1.American Conference of Industrial Hygienists(1995)。Threshold limit values(TLVsTM) for chemical substances and physical agents and biological exposure indices(BEIsTM)。American Conference of Industrial Hygienists。  new window
2.(2003)。二異氰酸甲苯與二異氰酸二苯甲烷。行政院勞工委員會標準分析參考方法。行政院勞工委員會勞工安全衛生研究所。  延伸查詢new window
3.Streicher, R. P.、Reh, C. M.、Key-Schwartz, R.、Schlecht, P. C.、Cassinelli, M. E.(1998)。Determination of airborne isocyanate exposure。NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods。  new window
 
 
 
 
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