國軍政治作戰肇建於黃埔建軍初期之「黨代表制度」，隨著國民革命軍東征、北伐、剿共、抗戰、戡亂等任務，迭有變革。近20餘年來，因應國際局勢、兩岸關係變化，以及我國民主化與軍隊國家化發展，國軍政治作戰已邁入法制化階段，除配合國防轉型調整部分組織職掌外，同時精進各項政戰實務功能，支援達成建軍備戰任務。 本文除探討黃埔建軍與國軍政治作戰緣起及其發展外，並概要陳述國軍各任務時期政治作戰貢獻與限制，進而結合我國國防組織再造與法制職能，探討國軍政治作戰角色功能與發展。

The ROC Armed Forces' political warfare was built in the early stage of Whampoa Military Academy as a“party representative system.＂With the National Revolutionary Army's Eastern Expedition, Northern Expedition, Encirclement Campaign against Jiangxi Soviet, Sino-Japanese war, suppression of Communist Rebellion, and so on, the system has changed since then. During the recent few decades, in response to the international situation, the change of the cross-strait relations, as well as the democratization and the development of the“civilian leadership in the military＂, the military's political warfare has entered a stage of legalization. In addition to the transformation of the defense organization, the system changed some of the organizational duties. Meanwhile, it enhances various pragmatic functions of political warfare to support the missions of army's establishment and combat readiness. This article not only explores the origin and development of the Whampoa Military Academy's establishment and the ROC Armed Forces' political warfare, but also outlines the political warfare's contributions and limitations in the each task period in the military. Furthermore, it integrates discussions with the reengineering of our national defense organization and the legal system functions, and also discovers the functional role and development of political warfare.