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題名：Decision-making in the Public Sector: The Electoral Reform in Taiwan--"Single-Member Constituency Two-Ballot System" and "Cutting the Legislative Seats in Half" Case Study
書刊名：空大行政學報
作者：黃國敏 引用關係
作者(外文)：Hwang, Edward K.
出版日期：2014
卷期：27
頁次：頁137-165
主題關鍵詞：決策；立委選制改革；臺灣；政府政治模型；政治決策模型；Decision-making；Electoral reform；Taiwan；Governmental politics model；Political decision model
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決策乃是基於決策者的價值與偏好來設計與選擇方案的研究。決策同時也是設法 減少相關方案的不確定性和疑惑以從中作合理選擇的過程。本文研究方法主要為自然 無干擾觀察法與個案分析法。臺灣立法院於2004年8月23日三讀通過劃時代的憲法修 正案，將立法委員席次從225席減為113席，三年任期改為四年，改採單一選區兩票 制，保障婦女在全國不分區的席次過半，賦予選民公投權並廢除國民大會。此意謂著 區域立委由各選區選出一位，全國不分區和海外委員則由得票率超過5%的政黨所列 名單分配之，而各政黨所提婦女名額須過半。 經由決策理論與臺灣立法委員選舉制度改革案例比較發現，政府的政治模式(官僚 政治模式或稱為政治的決策模式)最可以解釋國會的競技場。權力才是重點，國會多數 的決策是基於「黨派鬥爭」而非民眾所期待的「理性問政」。
Decision-making is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision-maker. Decision-making is also the process of sufficiently reducing uncertainty and doubt about alternatives to allow a reasonable choice to be made. Research methods used in this study include naturalistic (unobtrusive) observation and case study. On August 23, 2004, the Legislative Yuan in Taiwan passed landmark constitutional amendment proposals to cut the number of legislative seats from 225 to 113, extend legislative terms from three years to four, adopt a "single-member constituency two-ballot" system, guarantee female legislators receive half of the seats from the nationwide constituency, give people referendum rights, and abolish the National Assembly. These amendments signify that the district legislators shall be elected according to the number of districts; nationwide constituency and overseas legislators shall be elected according to the list of party nomination that has garnered more than 5% of the votes. Comparing decision- making theories and the Taiwanese electoral reform case study shows that the governmental politics model (bureaucratic politics model or political decision model) best explains the legislature’s arena. Power is the key driver, and most decisions made in the Congress are based on partisan politics rather than rationality.
期刊論文
1.Ramirez, M.(2009)。The Dynamics of Partisan Conflict on Congressional Approval。American Journal of Political Science，53(3)，681-694。  new window
2.Hua, T.(2009)。The Research on the Decision-making Constraints and Decision-making Behaviors in Public Policy。Journal of Tianjin Normal University (Social Science)，202，27-30。  new window
3.Li, K.、Wang, X.(2009)。The Determining Factors of U.S. Trade Policy toward China: A Political Economy Analysis Illustrated by the PNTR Bill。Economy Quarterly，8(1)，375-396。  new window
4.Bachrach, Peter、Baratz, Morton. S.(1962)。Two Faces of Power。American Political Science Review，56(4)，1021-1047。  new window
5.Innes, J.、Booher, D.(2004)。Reframing public participation: strategies for the 21st century。Planning Theory and Practice，54，419-437。  new window
6.Lindblom, Charles E.(1979)。Still muddling, not yet through。Public Administration Review，39(6)，517-526。  new window
7.Lindblom, Charles Edward(1959)。The Science of "Muddling Through"。Public Administration Review，19(2)，79-88。  new window
圖書
1.Clemen, R. T.(1996)。Making Hard Decisions: An Introduction to Decision Analysis。Duxbury Press。  new window
2.Kraan, D. J.(1996)。Budgetary decisions: A public choice approach。Cambridge。  new window
3.Adair, J.(2009)。Effective Decision Making: The Essential Guide to Thinking for Management Success。London：Pan Macmillan。  new window
4.Bass, B. M.(1983)。Organizational Decision making。Homewood, Ill.：Richard D. Irwin。  new window
5.Frederickson, H.、Smith, K.(2003)。The Public Administration Primer。Boulder, Colorado：Westview Press。  new window
6.McKenna, C. K.(1980)。Quantitative Methods for Public Decision Making。New York：McGraw-Hill Book。  new window
7.Rowe, A. J.、Boulgarides, J. D.(1992)。Managerial Decisionmaking: A Guide to Successful Decisions。New York：Macmillan。  new window
8.Simon, H.(1986)。Decisionmaking and Problem Solving。Washington, D.C：National Academy Press。  new window
9.Golub, A. L.(1997)。Decision Analysis: An Integrated Approach。New York：John Wiley and Sons。  new window
10.Hibbing, J.、Theiss-Morse, E.(1995)。Congress as Public Enemy。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
11.Lukes, S.(1974)。Power: A Radical Hew。NY：Macmillan。  new window
12.Marshall, K. T.、Oliver, R. M.(1995)。Decision-making and Forecast: with Emphasis on Model Building and Policy Analysis。McGraw-Hill。  new window
13.Oettinger, M.、Price, A.(1978)。Steering the Course: Policymaking in the United States。Washington, D. C.：International Communication Agency。  new window
14.Robbins, S. P.(1995)。Supervision Today。Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ：Prentice Hall。  new window
15.Stillman, R. J.(1996)。Public Administration: Concepts and Cases。Boston：Houghton Mifflin。  new window
16.Wiarda, H. J.(1996)。American Foreign Policy: Actors & Processes。New York：Harper Collins。  new window
17.Allison, Graham T.(1971)。Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis。Little, Brown and Company。  new window
18.Jones, B. D.(1994)。Reconceiving Decision-Making in Democratic Politics。Chicago, IL：University of Chicago Press。  new window
19.Christensen, Clayton M.、Raynor, Michael E.(2003)。The Innovator's Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth。Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation。  new window
20.Steinbruner, John(1974)。The Cybernetic Theory of Decision。Princeton, N.J.：Princeton University Press。  new window
21.Munger, Michael C.(2000)。Analyzing Policy: Choices, Conflicts, and Practices。New York：W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
22.Harmon, Michael M.(1995)。Responsibility as Paradox: A Critique of Rational Discourse on Government。Sage Publications。  new window
23.Dahl, Robert A.(1961)。Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City。New Haven, Connecticut。  new window
24.Ordeshook, Peter C.(1986)。Game Theory and Political Theory。Cambridge University Press。  new window
25.Lawton, A.、Rose, A.(1991)。Organization and Management in the Public Sector。London：Pitman。  new window
26.Alexander, C.(1964)。Notes on the Synthesis of Form。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
27.Stone, Deborah A.(2002)。Policy Paradox: The Art of Political Decision Making。W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
其他
1.Harris, R.(1998)。Introduction to Decision-making，http://www.virtualsalt.com。  new window
圖書論文
1.Buelens, M.、Hooland, B.(1987)。The Public Manager as Decision-maker。Managing Public Organizations: Lessons from Contemporary European Experience。Thousand Oaks, CA：Sage。  new window
2.Meek, J.(2007)。Political Decision-making within Metropolitan Areas。Handbook of Decision-making。New York：Taylor & Francis。  new window
3.Smith, G.、May, D.(1997)。The Artificial Debate Between Rationalist and Incrementalist Models of Decision Making。The Policy Process: A Reader。Prentice Hall：Harvester Wheatsheaf。  new window
 
 
 
 
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