Segmentless Sentence-Final Particles in Cantonese: An Experimental Study__臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

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題名：	Segmentless Sentence-Final Particles in Cantonese: An Experimental Study
書刊名：	中國語文研究
作者：	張凌
作者(外文)：	Zhang, Ling
出版日期：	2014
卷期：	35:2
頁次：	頁47-60
主題關鍵詞：	句末助詞；超音段；語調；音高；粵語；Sentence-final particle；Segmentless；Intonation；Pitch；Cantonese
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(1) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:1 共同引用:3 點閱:25

傳統來說，粵語句子的句末助詞可有可無，而句末助詞一般具有獨立的音段。本文提出句末助詞可以是超音段的：傳統認為沒有句末助詞的句子，實際上都帶有句末語調，以音高曲線變化的形式作用在句末音節上。本文為此對有句末助詞和沒有句末助詞的陳述句和疑問句進行了系統的聲學實驗比較研究。實驗結果表明，若句子有句末助詞，句子在音高方面沒什麼特殊變化；若句子沒有句末助詞，句末音節通過特定的音高變化來表達某種語調。這些特定的音高變化即為超音段的句末助詞。

以文找文

A sentence-final particle (SFP, henceforth) is an optional component for a sentence in Cantonese. Traditionally an SFP contains at least one independent segment. The present study proposes that for sentences without a segmental SFP, sentence-final intonation can act as a segmentless SFP. Systematical acoustic experiment was conducted based on this assumption. Two cross-cutting dichotomies were compared: declarative versus declarative-question, and absence versus presence of a segmental SFP. The results show that for sentences with a segmental SFP, the SFP itself carries the function of expressing intonation. For sentences without a segmental SFP, pitch shows extraordinary patterns to express intonation of the sentence, which can be regarded as a segmentless SFP.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	鄧思穎(20020900)。粵語句末助詞的不對稱分布。中國語文研究，14，75-84。延伸查詢
2.	Fox, Anothony、Luke, Kang-Kwong、Nancarrow, Owen(2008)。Aspects of Intonation in Cantonese。Journal of Chinese Linguistics，36(2)，321-367。
3.	Ma, Joan K. Y.、Ciocca, Valter、Whitehill, Tara L.(2006)。Effect of Intonation on Cantonese Lexical Tones。Journal of the Acoustical Society of America，120(6)，3978-3987。
4.	Jassem, Wiktor(1971)。Pitch and compass of speaking voice。Journal of International Phonetic Association，12，59-68。
5.	Menn, Lise、Boyce, Suzanne(1982)。Fundamental frequency and discourse structure。Language and Speech，25，341-383。
6.	Pierrehumbert, Janet B.(1981)。Synthesizing intonation。Journal of the Acoustical Society of America，70(4)，985-995。
7.	Rose, Phil(1987)。Considerations in the normalisation of the fundamental frequency of linguistic tone。Speech Communication，6，343-351。
8.	鄧思穎(2006)。粵語疑問句「先」的句法特點。中國語文，312，225-232。延伸查詢
9.	Vance, Timothy J.(1976)。An Experimental investigation of tone and intonation in Cantonese。Phonetica，33(5)，368-392。

會議論文
1.	Chao, Yuen Ren(1933)。Tone and intonation in Chinese。145th Meeting of the American Oriental Society，(會議日期: April 20, 1933)。
2.	Ma, Joan K. Y.、Ciocca, Valter、Whitehill, Tara L.(2004)。The effects of intonation patterns on lexical tone production in Cantonese。International Symposium on Tonal Aspects of Languages: With Emphasis on Tone Languages。Beijing。
3.	Ma, Joan K. Y.、Ciocca, Valter、Whitehill, Tara L.(2006)。Quantitative analysis of intonation patterns in statements and questions in Cantonese。The Third International Conference on Speech Prosody，277-280。
4.	Mai, Yun(2000)。Shiyan baogao: Guangzhouhua jumo sheng yudiao dui zidiao de yingxiang。The 7th International Conference on Cantonese and Other Yue dialects。Beijing：Commercial Press。
5.	Xu, Bo Robert、Mok, Peggy Pik-Ki(2011)。Final rising and global raising in Cantonese intonation。The Seventeenth International Congress of the Phonetic Sciences，2173-2176。
6.	Yuan, Jiahong、Shih, Chilin、Kochanki, Grep P.(2002)。Comparison of declarative and interrogative intonation in Chinese。The Speech Prosody 2002 Conference，711-714。
7.	Zhang, Ling、Cheung, Kwan-Hin(2011)。Experimental studies on Cantonese lexical tones in speaking and singing。The 16th International Conference on Cantonese and Yue Dialects。Hong Kong：Hong Kong Polytechnic University。

學位論文
1.	Ma, Joan K. Y.(2007)。The interaction between intonation and tone in Cantonese(博士論文)。University of Hong Kong，Hong Kong。
2.	Cheung, Kwan-Hin(1986)。The phonology of present-day Cantonese(博士論文)。University of London。
3.	Wakefield, John C.(2010)。The English equivalents of Cantonese sentence-final particles: A contrastive analysis(博士論文)。The Hong Kong Polytechnic University。
4.	Zhang, Ling(2013)。Intonation effects on Cantonese lexical tones in speaking and singing(博士論文)。The Hong Kong Polytechnic University。
5.	鄧思穎(1998)。Parametrization of Features in Syntax(博士論文)。University of California。延伸查詢

圖書
1.	Cruttenden, Alan(1986)。Intonation。Cambridge：New York：Cambridge University Press。
2.	Gussenhoven, Carlos(2004)。The Phonology of Tone and Intonation。Cambridge University Press。
3.	Hart, Johan 't、Collier, René、Cohen, Antonie(1990)。A Perceptual Study of Intonation: An Experimental-Phonetic Approach to Speech Melody。New York：Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。
4.	Leung, Chung-Sum(2005)。當代香港粤語語助詞的研究。Hong Kong：Language Information Sciences Research Centre, City University of Hong Kong。
5.	Tench, Paul(1996)。The Intonation Systems of English。New York：Cassell。
6.	Wells, John C.(2006)。English Intonation: An Introduction。New York：Cambridge University Press。
7.	Ladd, Dwight Robert(1996)。Intonational Phonology。Cambridge University Press。
8.	Pike, Kenneth Lee(1945)。The Intonation of American English。Ann Arbor, MI：University of Michigan Press。
9.	Kwok, Helen(1984)。Sentence Particles in Cantonese。Hong Kong：Centre of Asian Studies, University of Hong Kong。
10.	朱曉農(2005)。上海聲調實驗錄。上海：上海教育出版社。延伸查詢
11.	Luke, Kang Kwong(1990)。Utterance Particles in Cantonese Conversation。John Benjamins Publishing Company。

其他
1.	Boersma, Paul，Weenink, David(2009)。Praat: Doing phonetics by computer，http://www.praat.org/， 2010/05/01。

圖書論文
1.	Chao, Yuen Ren(2006)。Tone and intonation in Chinese。Linguistic Essays by Yuenren Chao。Beijing：Commercial Press。
2.	Chao, Yuen Ren(2006)。Tone, intonation, singsong, chanting, recitative, tonal composition, and atonal composition in Chinese。Linguistic essays by Yuenren Chao。Beijing：Commercial Press。
3.	Chao, Yuen Ren(1956)。Tone, intonation, singsong, chanting, recitative, tonal composition, and atonal composition in Chinese。For Roman Jakobson: essays on the occasion of his sixtieth birthday。Mouton。
4.	Hirst, Daniel、Di Cristo, Albert(1998)。A survey of intonation systems。Intonation Systems: A Survey of Twenty Languages。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。
5.	Wong, Wai Yi Peggy、Chan, Marjorie Kit-Man、Beckman, Mary E.(2005)。An autosegmental-metrical analysis and prosodic annotation conventions for Cantonese。Prosodic Typology: The Phonology of Intonation and Phrasing。Oxford：Oxford University Press。

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