現代社會的組成極為複雜，因應社會的需求，現代刑事立法有活性化乃至於氾濫的跡象。此時刑法學應扮演何等角色？犯罪是侵害法益（或惹起法益侵害的危險性）的行為，法益理論是檢討刑事立法正當性界限的基準。那麼，作為刑法的「保護客體」法益的內容為何？是前法概念或實定法的產物？其是指利益或狀態？倘若法益是價值，行為與法益該如何取何連結。本文依序討論上述問題。

When it comes into the risk society, the modern criminal legislation activates and goes overflowing in respond to the demand of the society. What kind of role should the science of criminal law play? The common view takes that the crime is a kind of behavior which invades the legal interests (or causes the dangerousness of invading the legal interests). And the theory of legal interests is a kind of standard to examine the reasonable margin of criminal legislation. Then, What are the contents of the legal interests as a ＂protected object＂ in the criminal law? Does it means some interests or some conditions? Or is it the pre-legislative concept or the result of the positive law? So this paper comes from the view of the concept of legal interests to subdivide the structure of the dangerous criminals further.