The transition period of Chinese society out-breaking the environmental mass incidents have been showing a gradual upward trend, large-scale protests and confrontational degree presents increasing trend, and even the phenomenon of violence, entering into the ＂environmentally sensitive period＂ of risk society. In particular, ＂NIMBY conflicts＂ also showed upward trend. The main purpose of this paper is to explore the problems of China's environmental governance and its development dilemmas, including the environmental management systems, environmental legislation, public interest litigation, public participation, environmental information disclosure, autonomy of environmental organizations and so on. Meanwhile, this paper take Shifang City environmental protests as an example, analyzing the interaction strategies between the local governments and the public. The results show that strategies of local government are the use of compulsory violence, stigma of public protest behavior and taking control of the dissemination of information. Public defenders' strategies are to take all of the following means: from walking and collective petitions into violent protests, the use of identity construction disadvantaged moral image rights and seeking the support network from social elite. This paper further explore the role of governments and public participation in the process of economic and environmental policy-making, local officials' promotion of political championship involving the economic growth is closely related to revenue, due to the elite decision-making model which the party-state system almost monopoly policy formation process, lack of policy communication between governments and the public, and eventually lead to conflict of the dual goals between ＂economic growth＂ and ＂environmental protection＂.