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引文資料
題名:
The Lost Triangle Children: Archive and Remainder in Katharine Weber's Triangle
書刊名:
小說與戲劇
作者:
王惠茹
作者(外文):
Wang, Huei-ju
出版日期:
2014
卷期:
24:1
頁次:
頁37-71
主題關鍵詞:
女性襯衫
;
檔案
;
剩餘
;
性騷擾
;
性侵害
;
危險
;
險境
;
三角工廠火災
;
Shirtwaist
;
Archive
;
Remainder
;
Sexual harassment
;
Sexual abuse
;
Precariousness
;
Precarity
;
Triangle fire
原始連結:
連回原系統網址
相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:0
點閱:21
受到插畫家查爾斯.吉布森筆下「吉布森女郎」的影響,女性襯衫是美國十九世紀末至二十世紀初廣受所有階級女性歡迎的時尚衣著。搭配上長裙及緊身束腹可展示纖細的女性腰圍,秀出那時代的流行指標。然而在時尚背後,人們鮮少注意到這些縫製女用襯衫女工與童工在血汗工廠中所身處的危險工作環境。在1911年3月25日,美國紐約曼哈頓的三角女性襯衫工廠發生大火,其中有146名猶太籍及義大利移民的女工不幸身亡,暴露這些裁縫女工與童工的職場危險與險境。本文探討美國猶太裔小說家凱瑟琳.偉伯在《三角工廠火災》小說中,對此事件檔案及被隱藏的「幽靈童工」所做的重新詮釋。偉伯認為當時工廠雇主非法雇用童工,事後為了規避法律責任將童工的年齡謊報。本文認為這些被遺忘的女童工是三角工廠火災中的「剩餘」。這些「不在名單上的女童工」雖未能納入事件檔案中,但她們的「虛構存在」反映出當時裁縫女工與童工的惡劣工作環境。接著討論小說中呈現的性騷擾和性侵害的議題,突顯當時三角工廠女性員工在工作上所受男性的不平等待遇。最後探討小說中最長壽倖存者的冒充:以在火災中喪失姊姊的身分存活。本文結論:此火災中,最長壽倖存者對此事件的記憶也是此檔案中的剩餘,無法被完全納入。
以文找文
This paper examines Jewish American novelist Katharine Weber's 2006 novel Triangle, which memorializes the 1911 Triangle shirtwaist factory fire, the worst workplace disaster in New York City prior to 9/11. The fire claimed the lives of 146 garment workers, most of whom were young Jewish and Italian immigrant women who sewed shirtwaists, the era's fashionable women's garment popularized by Charles Danna Gibson's American Girl, the Gibson Girl. Unlike previous novels addressing the Triangle disaster, Weber invents a fictional Triangle archive around which to foreground two issues that had been elided in previous Triangle fire literature: the illegal use of child labor and the sexual harassment and sexual abuse that took place at the largest shirtwaist factory in New York City in the early years of the twentieth century. My examination focuses on Weber's invention of the Triangle fire archives, which constitutes a type of ethico-political playing, which is then used to interrogate two central issues, child labor and sexual abuse. This focus highlights the precariousness and precarity (Judith Butler's notions) of the shirtwaist makers at the turn of the last century. I argue that Weber deconstructs the idea that the list of fire victims is complete and final. She hypothesizes that the little girls employed at Triangle were present at the fire but that the owners obfuscated their presence to reduce the scope of the scandal and avoid acknowledging responsibility for their deaths. Weber calls into question the identity of the fictional last survivor of the fire, whom she treats as a living archive who retells the story of the disaster for the rest of her life. Using Jacques Derrida's theories, I argue that Weber's fictional longest survivor of the fire and the other fictional Triangle child workers are remainders of the Triangle fire that cannot be properly archived and yet haunt the archives to prevent hegemonic foreclosure.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Arvatu, Adina(2011)。Specters of Freud: The Figure of the Archive in Derrida and Foucault。Mosaic: A Journal for the Interdisciplinary Study of Literature,44(4),141-159。
2.
Bender, Daniel E.(2004)。'Too Much of Distasteful Masculinity': Historicizing Sexual Harassment in the Garment Sweatshop and Factory。Journal of Women's History,15(4),91-116。
3.
Derrida, Jacques、Walker, Gila(2007)。A Certain Impossibility of Saying the Event。Critical Inquiry,33(2),441-461。
4.
Rapaport, Herman(1998)。Archive Trauma。Diacritics,28(4),68-81。
5.
Schwartz, Joan M.、Cook, Terry(2002)。Power: The Making of Modern Memory。Archival Science,2,1-19。
6.
Todd, Ellen Wiley(2009)。Remembering the Unknowns: The Longman Memorial and the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Fire。American Art,23(3),60-80。
7.
Stoler, Ann Laura(2002)。Colonial Archives and the Arts of Governance。Archival Science,2,87-109。
學位論文
1.
Cowley, Christopher(2008)。Ashes to Ashes: Trauma, History, and the Ethics of Allegorical Memory in Post 9/11 Literature(碩士論文)。U of Florida。
圖書
1.
Enstad, Nan(1999)。Ladies of Labor, Girls of Adventure: Working Women, Popular Culture, and Labor Politics at the Turn of the Twentieth Century。New York:Columbia University Press。
2.
Morrison, Toni(1987)。Beloved: A Novel。New York:A. A. Knopf。
3.
Derrida, Jacques、Lukacher, Ned(1991)。Cinders。Lincoln:London:University of Nerbraska Press。
4.
Kitch, Carolyn(2001)。The Girl on the Magazine Cover: The Origins of Visual Stereotypes in American Mass Media。The University of North Carolina Press。
5.
Derrida, Jacques、Kamuf, Peggy、Weber, Elisabeth(1995)。Points…: Interviews, 1974-1994。Stanford:Stanford University Press。
6.
Argersinger, Jo Ann E.(2009)。The Triangle Fire: A Brief History with Documents。Boston:Bedford/St. Martin's。
7.
Baker, Kevin(1999)。Dreamland。New York:HarperCollins。
8.
Banner, Lois W.(2005)。American Beauty。Los Angeles:Figueroa P。
9.
Benin, Leigh(2011)。The New York City Triangle Factory Fire。Charleston:Arcadia。
10.
Boulter, Jonathan(2011)。Melancholy and the Archive: Trauma, History and Memory in the Contemporary Novel。New York:Continuum。
11.
Cohen, Rose(1995)。Out of the Shadow: A Russian Jewish Girlhood on the Lower East Side。Ithaca:Cornell UP。
12.
Cunningham, Michael(2005)。Specimen Days。New York:Farrar, Straus and Giroux。
13.
Dye, Nancy Schrom(1980)。As Equals and as Sisters: Feminism, the Labor Movement, and the Women's Trade Union League of New York。Columbia:U of Missouri P。
14.
Glenn, Susan A.(1991)。Daughters of the Shtetl: Life and Labor in the Immigrant Generation。Ithaca:Cornell UP。
15.
Meyer, Susan E.(1978)。America's Great Illustrators。New York:Harry N. Abrams。
16.
Milbank, Caroline Rennolds(1989)。New York Fashion: The Evolution of American Style。New York:Harry N. Abrams。
17.
Orleck, Annelise(1995)。Common Sense and A Little Fire: Women and Working-Class Politics in the United States, 1900-1965。Chapel Hill:U of North Carolina P。
18.
Richardson, Dorothy、Aron, Cindy Sondik(1990)。The Long Day: The Story of a New York Working Girl。Charlottesville:UP of Virginia。
19.
Schneiderman, Rose、Goldthwaite, Lucy(1967)。All for One。New York:Paul S. Eriksson。
20.
Schoener, Allon(1967)。Portal to America: The Lower East Side: 1870-1925。New York:Holt, Rinehart and Winston。
21.
Schreier, Barbara A.(1994)。Becoming American Women: Clothing and the Jewish Immigrant Experience, 1880-1920。Chicago:Chicago Historical Society。
22.
Steedman, Carolyn(2002)。Dust: The Archive and Cultural History。New Brunswick:Rutgers University Press。
23.
Stein, Leon、Greider, William(2001)。The Triangle Fire。Ithaca:Cornell UP。
24.
Tax, Meredith(1982)。Rivington Street。Urbana:U of Illinois P。
25.
Von Drehle, David(2003)。Triangle: The Fire that Changed America。New York:Atlantic Monthly P。
26.
Weber, Katharine(2011)。The Memory of All That: George Gershwin, Kay Swift, and My Family's Legacy of Infidelities。New York:Crown。
27.
Weber, Katharine(2006)。Triangle。New York:Farrar, Straus and Giroux。
28.
Wertheimer, Barbara Mayer(1977)。We Were There: The Story of Working Women in America。New York:Pantheon Books。
29.
Zandy, Janet(2004)。Hands: Physical Labor, Class, and Cultural Work。New Brunswick:Rutgers UP。
30.
Ewen, Elizabeth(1985)。Immigrant Women in the Land of Dollars: Life and Culture on the Lower East Side, 1890-1925。New York:Monthly Review P。
31.
Gay, P.(1989)。The Freud reader。New York, NY:W. W. Norton。
32.
Derrida, Jacques、Prenowitz, Eric(1996)。Archive Fever: a Freudian Impression。University of Chicago Press。
33.
Butler, Judith(2009)。Frames of War: When Is Life Grievable?。Verso。
34.
Derrida, Jacques、Kamuf, Peggy、Magnus, Bernd、Cullenberg, Stephen(1994)。Specters of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning and the New International。Routledge。
35.
Foucault, Michel、Smith, A. Sheridan(1972)。The Archaeology of Knowledge。New York:Harper Colophon Books。
36.
Butler, Judith、Athanasiou, Athena(2013)。Dispossession: The Performative in the Political。Polity。
其他
1.
Baker, Kevin(20030907)。Washington Square Murder 2011/06/22。
2.
Berger, Joseph(20110220)。100 Years Later, the Roll of the Dead in a Factory Fire is Complete 2011/06/20。
3.
(20060716)。Fact and Fiction Overlap in Weber's Triangle 2014/01/04。
4.
Flynn, Kevin,Dwyer, Jim(20040910)。Falling Bodies, a 9/11 Image Etched in Pain 2011/08/21。
5.
Hirsch, Michael(20110408)。One Person's Quest to Find and Restore the Graves of the Triangle Fire's Victims 2011/07/21。
6.
Martin, Douglas(20010217)。Rose Freedman, Last Survivor of Triangle Fire, Dies at 107 2011/07/12。
7.
Weber, Katharine(20060325)。The Factories of Lost Children 2008/11/14。
8.
Weber, Katharine(20060604)。The Fire That Time 2011/07/11。
9.
Whitworth, Melissa(20110903)。9/11: 'Jumpers' from the World Trade Center Still Provoke Impassioned Debate 2013/12/12。
圖書論文
1.
Pinsky, Robert(1990)。Shirt。The Want Bone。New York:Ecco P。
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