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外文摘要
引文資料
題名:
Developmental Trajectory of Relative Clauses among Mandarin Learners of English
書刊名:
Concentric: Studies in Linguistics
作者:
林祐瑜
作者(外文):
Lin, Yowyu
出版日期:
2015
卷期:
41:1
頁次:
頁63-94
主題關鍵詞:
關係子句
;
心理語言學
;
語句產生
;
Relative clause
;
Psycholinguistics
;
Sentence production
原始連結:
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相關次數:
被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
排除自我引用:0
共同引用:
2
點閱:10
在闡釋關係子句的處理和習得之困難處時,先前的研究幾乎都著重於兩個重要的理論:『名詞片語可存取階層』及『感知困難假說』。近幾年來,『依附區域理論』提出針對句子的每一個字詞做出能量單位的運算法則。此理論在心裡語言學領域也已獲得廣大的注意和研究支持。本研究旨在看中文母語者在英文作文裡關係子句的使用多寡,用以檢視三個理論。中文母語者寫的英文作文並不像傳統其他研究一般要求受試者判斷文法正確性或是結合句子使用。後兩種方法都直接的將受試者的注意力引導至關係子句上。但卻不知在自然不受引導的狀態下,外語學習者關係子句的產生是否與先前研究結果一致。此外,在外語研究上,因語言程度佔了一個重要的位置,故本研究收集了五種程度的學生英文作文:高二學生,高三學生,大學裡非英外文系學生,英外文系大一學生,與英外文系大二學生。每一個族群的學生作文皆包含四萬字左右。本研究細查學生各種關係子句使用狀況,並計算各種關係子句的總數。研究結果發現不同英文程度的確會產生數目多寡不一的關係子句。隨著英文程度提升,學生在作文中也有顯著較多的關係子句產生。最後,本研究也發現每個理論皆有其獨到貢獻處,可用來解釋不同程度學生的關係子句產出狀況。
以文找文
In elucidating the difficulty of relative clause processing and acquisition, previous studies have mostly focused on two theories, i.e., Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy and Perceptual Difficulty Hypothesis. In recent years, Gibson’s Dependency Locality Theory proposed a detailed calculation regarding energy units spent at each position in a sentence and has drawn much attention and support in research. The present study tested the predictions of these three theories by looking at relative clause production in English compositions written by Mandarin-speaking EFL learners, including senior high school sophomores, senior high school seniors, college non-English majors, college first-year English majors, and college second-year English majors. Results show different levels of support for different theories, with each theory having its own strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, the results also clearly indicate that when the L2 proficiency of Mandarin-speaking EFL learners increases, the learners exhibit better control over the production of relative clauses in their compositions.
以文找文
期刊論文
1.
Ozeki, Hiromi、Shirai, Yasuhiro(2007)。Does the noun phrase accessibility hierarchy predict the difficulty order in the acquisition of japanese relative clauses?。Studies in Second Language Acquisition,29(2),169-196。
2.
Aarts, Flor、Schils, Erik(1995)。Relative clauses, the accessibility hierarchy and the contrastive analysis hypothesis。International Review of Applied Linguistics,33(1),47-63。
3.
Hsu, Dong-Bo(2014)。Structural priming as learning: Evidence from Mandarin-learning five-year-olds。Language Acquisition: A Journal of Developmental Linguistics,21(2),156-172。
4.
Hsu, Dong-Bo(2014)。Mandarin-speaking three-year-olds' demonstration of productive knowledge of syntax: Evidence from syntactic productivity and structural priming with the SVO-ba alternation。Journal of Child Language,41(5),1115-1146。
5.
Yip, Virginia、Matthews, Stephen(2007)。Relative clauses in Cantonese-English bilingual children: typological challenges and processing motivations。Studies in Second Language Acquisition,29(2),277-300。
6.
Brown, H. Douglas(1971)。Children's comprehension of relativized English sentences。Child Devel opment,42(6),1923-1936。
7.
Hamilton, Robert L.(1994)。Is implicational generalization unidirectional and maximal? Evidence from relativization instruction in a second language。Language Learning,44(1),123-157。
8.
Kanno, Kazue(2007)。Factors affecting the processing of Japanese relative clauses by L2 learners。Studies in Second Language Acquisition,29(2),197-218。
9.
O'Grady, William、Lee, Miseon、Choo, Miho(2003)。A subject-object asymmetry in the acquisition of relative clauses in Korean as a second language。Studies in Second Language Acquisition,25(3),433-448。
10.
Gass, Susan M.(1979)。Language transfer and universal grammatical relations。Language Learning,29(2),327-344。
11.
Caplan, D.、Waters, G.(2002)。Working memory and connectionist models of parsing: A response to MacDonald and Christiansen。Psychological Review,109(1),66-74。
12.
Keenan, Edward Louis、Comrie, Bernard(1977)。Noun phrase accessibility and universal grammar。Linguistic Inquiry,8(1),63-100。
13.
徐東伯、林祐瑜(20140900)。Development of the Abstraction of Second Language Learners' Syntactic Representation: Evidence from Structural Priming in Different Levels of Proficiency。華語文教學研究,11(3),1-32。
14.
Romaine, S.(1984)。Relative clauses in child language, pidgin and Creoles。Australian Journal of Linguistics,4(2),257-281。
15.
Bates, Elizabeth、Devescovi, Antonella、D'Amico, Simona(1999)。Processing complex sentences: A cross-linguistic study。Language and Cognitive Processes,14(1),69-123。
16.
Cook, Vivian J.(1973)。The comparison of language development in native children and foreign adults。IRAL,11(1-4),13-28。
17.
Gibson, Edward、Warren, Tessa(2004)。Reading-time evidence for intermediate linguistic structure in long-distance dependencies。Syntax,7(1),55-78。
18.
Nakatani, Kentaro、Gibson, Edward(2010)。An online study of Japanese nesting complexity。Cognitive Science,34(1),94-112。
19.
Pavesi, Maria(1986)。Markedness, discourse modes, and relative clause formation in a formal and informal context。Studies in Second Language Acquisition,8(1),38-55。
20.
Roth, Froma P.(1984)。Accelerating language learning in young children。Journal of Child Language,11(1),89-107。
21.
Tarallo, Fernando、Myhill, John(1983)。Interference and natural language in second language acquisition。Language Learning,33(1),55-76。
22.
Warren, Tessa、Gibson, Edward(2005)。Effects of NP type in reading cleft sentences in English。Language and Cognitive Processes,20(6),751-767。
23.
Yabuki-Soh, Noriko(2007)。Teaching relative clauses in Japanese: Exploring alternative types of instruction and the projection effect.。Studies in Second Language Acquisition,29(2),219-252。
24.
Izumi, Shinichi(2003)。Processing difficulty in comprehension and production of relative clauses by learners of English as a second language。Language Learning,53(2),285-323。
25.
Hsiao, Franny、Gibson, Edward(2003)。Processing relative clauses in Chinese。Cognition,90(1),3-27。
26.
Eckman, F.、Bell, L.、Nelson, D.(1988)。On the generalization of relative clause construction in the acquisition of English as a second language。Applied Linguistics,9,1-20。
27.
Gibson, Edward(1998)。Linguistic complexity: locality of syntactic dependencies。Cognition,68(1),1-76。
28.
Ringbom, H.(1992)。On L1 Transfer in L2 Comprehension and L2 Production。Language Learning Journal,42(1),85-112。
29.
Flanigan, B. O.(1995)。Anaphora and Relativization in Child Second Language Acquisition。Studies in Second Language Acquisition,17(3),331-351。
30.
Kuno, Susumu(1974)。The position of relative clauses and conjunctions。Linguistic Inquiry,5(1),117-136。
31.
Comrie, Bernard、Keenan, Edward L.(1979)。Noun phrase accessibility revisited。Language: Journal of the Linguistic Society of America,55(3),649-664。
32.
Comrie, Bernard(2007)。The acquisition of relative clauses in relation to language typology。Studies in Second Language Acquisition,29(2),301-309。
33.
Comrie, Bernard(1998)。Rethinking the typology of relative clauses。Language Design,1(1),59-86。
學位論文
1.
Iwami, Ichiro(1991)。The Learning of Relative-Clause Formation by Japanese Junior High School Students and Textbook Design(博士論文)。University of Kansas,Lawrence。
2.
Liu, Ming-yi(1998)。An Experimental Study of English Relative Clauses by Chinese Junior High School Students in Taiwan(碩士論文)。National Taiwan Normal University。
圖書
1.
Prideaux, Gary D.、Baker, William J.(1986)。Strategies and Structures: The Processing of Relative Clauses。Amsterdam。
2.
Ellis, Rod、牧野高吉(1988)。第2言語習得の基礎。ニューカレント インターナショナル。
延伸查詢
圖書論文
1.
Carpenter, P.、Miyake, A.、Just, M.(1994)。Working memory constraints in comprehension: Evidence from individual differences, aphasia and aging。Handbook of psycholinguistics。San Diego:Academic Press。
2.
Croteau, Karen C.(1995)。Second language acquisition of relative clause structures by learners of Italian。Second Language Acquisition Theory and Pedagogy。Mahwah:Erlbaum。
3.
Gibson, Edward(2000)。The dependency locality theory: A distance-based theory of linguistic complexity。Image, Language, Brain: Papers from the First Mind Articulation Project Symposium。MIT Press。
4.
Hyltenstam, Kenneth(1984)。he use of typological markedness conditions as predictors in second language acquisition: The case of pronominal copies in relative clauses。Second Languages: A Cross-linguistic Perspective。Rowley:Newbury House。
5.
Ioup, Georgette(1983)。Acquiring complex sentences in ESL。Second Language Acquisition Studies。Rowley:Newbury House。
6.
Ioup, Georgette、Kruse, Anna(1977)。Interference vs. structural complexity in second language acquisition: Language universals as a basis for sequencing。On TESOL '77: Teaching and Learning English as a Second Language: Trends in Research and Practice。Washington, DC:TESOL。
7.
Schumann, John H.(1980)。The acquisition of English relative clauses by second language learners。Research in Second Language Acquisition: Selected Papers of the Los Angeles Second Language Acquisition Research Forum。Rowley:Newbury House。
8.
Gass, S.(1980)。An investigation of syntactic transfer in adult second language learners。Research in second language acquisition。Rowley, Mass.:Newbury House Publishers, Inc.。
9.
Matthews, Stephen、葉彩燕(2003)。Relative clauses in early bilingual development: Transfer and universals。Typology and Second Language Acquisition。Berlin:Mouton de Gruyter。
10.
Tavakolian, Susan L.(1981)。The conjoined-clause analysis of relative clauses。Language Acquisition and Linguistic Theory。Cambridge, MA:MIT Press。
11.
Doughty, Catherine(2004)。Effects of instruction on learning a second language: a critique of instructed SLA research。Form-Meaning Connections in Second Language Acquisition。Mahwah:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates。
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