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題名:溫室氣體減量之清潔發展機制功能與專案成本比較
書刊名:臺灣國際研究季刊
作者:吳珮瑛邱可甄劉哲良
作者(外文):Wu, Pei-ingQiu, Ke-zhenLiou, Je-liang
出版日期:2016
卷期:12:3
頁次:頁115-149
主題關鍵詞:投資國減量成本清潔發展機制專案類型技術競爭力京都議定書Credit countryEmission reduction costProject type of clean development mechanismTechnological completenessKyoto Protocol
原始連結:連回原系統網址new window
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本文之目的在探討清潔發展機制(CDM)自2004年第一個註冊的專案開始,至本文進行前之2014年12月止,參與雙邊及多邊CDM機制的21個投資國,至不同主辦國進行「再生能源」、「甲烷減量與煤礦甲烷或煤層氣之減量」、「燃料轉換」、「供給面能源效率」、「需求面能源效率」及「避免甲烷逸散」等六種主要CDM專案類型,所完成的4,061個專案計畫之平均減量成本比較。此外,本文亦討論CDM的定位及目標,同時探討影響CDM專案在不同主辦國間的分布情形,及影響投資國執行CDM專案的可能因素。結果顯示,不論是那一種專案類型,由不同投資國執行相同類型專案的每公噸平均減量成本,或是同一個投資國執行不同專案類型的平均每公噸減量成本,均有很明顯的差異。其中比利時所執行的「甲浣減量」專案的平均減量成本最小、平均每公噸為3.61美元,愛爾蘭的「需求面能源效率」專案之平均減量成本最高,平均每公噸為5,715.89美元。又整體而言「再生能源」專案在21個投資國的平均每噸減量成本最高,其次為「甲烷減量」專案類型;反之,「避免甲浣逸散」專案,每噸減量成本最低。
The purpose of this study is to explore and compare the emission reduction cost for all types of projects implemented under the clean development mechanism (CDM). The results show that the average emission reduction cost conducted by different credit countries for a specific type of project varies significantly. Similarly, the average emission reduction cost varies among projects conducted by a specific credit country. Among these, the project of CH4 reduction and coal mine/ bed methane conducted by Belgium has the lowest average emission reduction cost. And the project of demand-side energy efficiency conducted by Ireland has the highest average emission reduction cost, i.e. 5,715.89 US $/ton. Overall, projects of renewables have relatively high average emission reduction cost and projects of CH4 reduction and coal mine/bed methane is ranked as the second.
期刊論文
1.陳香梅、陳文典、游懷萱(20131200)。清潔發展機制(CDM)對溫室氣體之減量效果分析。應用經濟論叢,94,75-112。new window  延伸查詢new window
2.吳珮瑛、陳佳慈、劉哲良(20110700)。權衡經濟發展及CO₂排放之跨國技術效率比較--以技術準備度及創新指標為分類基礎。經社法制論叢,48,37-74。  延伸查詢new window
3.Bayer, Patrick、Urpelainen, Johannes、Wallace, Jeremy(2013)。Who Uses the Clean Development Mechanism? An Empirical Analysis of Projects in Chinese Provinces。Global Environmental Change,23(2),512-521。  new window
4.Chen, Wenying(2005)。The Costs of Mitigating Carbon Emissions in China: Finds from China MARKAL-MACRO Modeling。Energy Policy,33(7),885-896。  new window
5.Chadwick, Bruce P.(2006)。Transaction Costs and the Clean Development Mechanism。Natural Resources Forum,30(4),256-271。  new window
6.Carmichael, David G.、Ballouz, Joseph J.、Balatbat, Maria C. A.(2015)。Improving the Attractiveness of CDM Projects through Allowing and Incorporating Options。Energy Policy,86,784-791。  new window
7.Boyd, Emily、Hultman, Nate、Roberts, J. Timmons、Corbera, Esteve、Cole, John、Bozmoski, Alex、Ebeling, Johannes、Tippman, Robert、Mann, Philip、Brown, Katrina、Liverman, Diana M.(2009)。Reforming the CDM for Sustainable Development: Lessons Learned and Policy Futures。Environmental Science and Policy,12(7),820-831。  new window
8.Hepburn, Cameron(2007)。Carbon Trading: A Review of the Kyoto Mechanisms。Annual Review of Environment and Resources,32,375-393。  new window
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11.Nelson, Khristen C.、de Jong, Ben H. J.(2003)。Making Global Initiatives Local Realities: Carbon Mitigation Projects in Chiapas, Mexico。Global Environmental Change,13(1),19-30。  new window
12.Michaelowa, Axel、Jotzo, Frank(2005)。Transaction Costs, Institutional Rigidities and the Size of the Clean Development Mechanism。Energy Policy,33(4),511-523。  new window
13.Schmid, Gisèle(2012)。Technology Transfer in the CDM: the Role of Host-country Characteristics。Climate Policy,12(6),722-740。  new window
14.Pogosov, I. A.、Sokolovskaya, E. A.(2015)。Factors of Long-term Economic Growth: Ratio of Capital and Labor in the Increase in the Gross Income of the Economy, Number of Employed Individuals, and Labor Productivity。Studies on Russian Economic Development,26(6),525-533。  new window
15.Sorrell, Steven、Sijm, Jos(2003)。Carbon Trading in the Policy Mix。Oxford Review of Economic Policy,19(3),420-436。  new window
16.劉哲良、吳珮瑛、黃芳玫(20091200)。跨國共同邊界生產技術效率比較--同步考量正向經濟發展與負向CO₂排放。農業與經濟,43,1-37。new window  延伸查詢new window
17.Olsen, Karen Holm、Fenhann, Jørgen(2008)。Sustainable Development Benefits of Clean Development Mechanism Projects A New Methodology for Sustainability Assessment Based on Text Analysis of the Project Design Documents Submitted for Validation。Energy Policy,36(8),2819-2830。  new window
會議論文
1.United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(2012)。Information by Parties Included in Annex I Listed in Annex 1 to Decision 1/CMP.7 on their Quantified Emission Limitation or Reduction Objectives for the Second Commitment Period under the Kyoto Protocol。The Conference of the Parties on its Seventeenth Session,(會議日期: May 15-24)。Bonn。  new window
2.United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(2002)。Report of the Conference of the Parties on its Seventh Session, Held at Marrakesh from 29 October to 10 November 2001。The Conference of Parties on its Seventh Session,(會議日期: 2001 October 29- 2001 November 10)。Marrakech。  new window
3.United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(1997)。Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change。The Conference of the Parties on its Third Session,(會議日期: December 11)。Kyoto。  new window
研究報告
1.Ellis, Jane、Karousakis, Katia(2015)。The Developing CDM Market: May 2006 Update。Paris:Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development/International Energy Agency。  new window
2.Eckermann, Frauke、Hunt, Alistair、Stronzik, Marcus、Taylor, Tim(2004)。The Role of Transaction Costs and Risk Premia in the Determination of Climate Change Policy Responses。Mannheim:Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung。  new window
3.Costantini, Valeria、Sforna, Giorgia(2013)。Do Bilateral Commercial Relationships Influence the Distribution of CDM Projects?。Rome:Università degli Studi Roma Tre。  new window
4.Michaelowa, Axel(2005)。CDM: Current Status and Possibilities for Reform。Hamburg:Hamburg Institute of International Economics。  new window
5.Silayan, Alan(2005)。Equitable Distribution of CDM Projects among Developing Countries。Hamburg:Hamburg Institute of International Economics。  new window
6.Rahman, Shaikh M.、Larson, Donald F.、Dinar, Ariel(2012)。The Cost Structure of the Clean Development Mechanism。Washington, DC:World Bank Development Research Group。  new window
圖書
1.經濟部能源局(2007)。減量方法。台北:經濟部能源局。  延伸查詢new window
2.行政院環境保護署(2010)。溫室氣體專用名詞手冊。台北:行政院環境保護署。  延伸查詢new window
3.行政院環境保護署(2008)。淺論外加性。台北:行政院環境保護署。  延伸查詢new window
4.Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management(2003)。A Guide to Carrying Out Joint Implementation and Clean Development Mechanism Projects within the Framework of the Austrian JI/CDM Programme。Vienna:Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management。  new window
5.Cifuentes, Luis、Davis, Devra、Emonds, Jae、Fisher, Brian、Fortin, Emeric、Golub, Alexander、Hohmeyer, Olav、Krupnick, Alan、Kverndokk, Snorre、Loulou, Richard、Richels, Richard、Segenovic, Hector、Yamaji, Kenji(2001)。Global, Regional, and National Costs and Ancillary Benefits of Mitigation。Geneva:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change。  new window
6.Cheng, C.、Pouffary, S.、Svenningsen, N.、Callaway, M.(2008)。The Kyoto Protocol, the Clean Development Mechanism, and the Building and Construction Sector。Paris:United Nations Environment Programme。  new window
7.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(2014)。Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report Summary。Geneva:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change。  new window
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9.Fenhann, Joergen、Hinostrozan, Miriam(2011)。CDM Information and Guidebook。Roskilde:UNEP Risoe Centre on Energy, Climate and Sustainable Development National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy Technical University of Denmark。  new window
10.Energy Information Administration(1998)。Impacts of the Kyoto Protocol on U.S. Energy Markets and Economic Activity。Washington, D.C.:Energy Information Administration。  new window
11.Kete, Nancy、Bhandari, Ruchi、Baumert, Kevin A.(2001)。Should Development Aid be Used to Finance the CDM。Washington, D.C.:WRI。  new window
12.McCloskey, Alexander I.、Joseph, Tisha T.、Aranha, Mark A.、Bergqvist, Amanda A.、Dvoracek, Andrew J.、Kudo, Takuya、Levine, Eliot R.、Lile, Amy C.、Matsumoto, Heather M.、Pearl, Cindy B.、Rogers, Jessica E.、Rello, Reis Lopez(2005)。Reducing Transaction Costs of the Clean Development Mechanism。Columbia:School of International and Public Affairs。  new window
13.Metz, Bert、Davidson, Ogunlade、Bosch, Peter、Dave, Rutu、Meyer, Leo(2007)。Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
14.United Nations Environment Programme(2015)。CDM/JI Pipeline Analysis and Database。Roskilde:United Nations Environment Programme。  new window
15.United Nations Environment Programme(2004)。Legal Issue Guidebook to the Clean Development Mechanism。Roskilde:United Nations Environment Programme。  new window
16.United Nations(1998)。Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change。New York:United Nations。  new window
17.United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(2008)。Kyoto Protocol Reference Manual on Accounting of Emissions and Assigned Amounts。Bonn:United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change。  new window
18.United Nations Environment Programme(2016)。CDM Projects by Type。Roskilde:United Nations Environment Programme。  new window
19.United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(2014)。The Consolidated Versions of the Convention Text, Including Amendments to Annex I and II。Bonn:United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change。  new window
20.United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(2014)。List of Non-Annex I Parties to the Convention。Bonn:United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change。  new window
21.United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(2014)。Clean Development Mechanism。Bonn:United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change。  new window
22.United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(2014)。Kyoto Protocol。Bonn:United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change。  new window
23.United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(2014)。First Steps to a Safer Future: Introducing the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change。Bonn:United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change。  new window
24.World Economic Forum(2014)。Technical Notes and Sources。Cologny:World Economic Forum。  new window
25.World Bank(2014)。How Are the Income Group Thresholds Determined?。Washington, DC:World Bank。  new window
26.United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(2016)。CDM Methodologies。Bonn:United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change。  new window
27.United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(2014)。Joint Implementation (JI)。Bonn:United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change。  new window
28.United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(2014)。International Emissions Trading。Bonn:United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change。  new window
29.World Economic Forum(2014)。The Global Competitiveness Index Historical Dataset。Cologny:World Economic Forum。  new window
其他
1.Stronzik, Marcus,Hunt, Alistair,Eckermann, Frauke,Taylor, Tim(2003)。The Role of Transaction Costs and Risk Premia in the Determination of Climate Change Policy Responses,Mannheim:Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung。,https://www.econstor.eu/dspace/bitstream/10419/23992/1/dp0359.pdf。  new window
圖書論文
1.戴程軒(2008)。第五章:開發CDM計畫之法律步驟。京都議定書與清潔發展機制(CDM)100問。台北:元照。  延伸查詢new window
2.Arent, Douglas J.、Tol, Richard S. J.、Faust, Eberhard、Hella, Joseph P.、Kumar, Surender、Strzepek, Kenneth M.、Tóth, Ferenc L.、Yan, Denghua(2014)。Key Economic Sectors and Services。Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Burkett, Virginia R.、Suarez, Avelino G.、Bindi, Marco、Conde, Cecilia、Mukerji, Rupa、Prather, Michael J.、St. Clair, Asuncion Lera、Yohe, Gary W.(2014)。Point of Departure。Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
4.Moomaw, William、Yamba, Francis、Kamimoto, Masayuki、Maurice, Lourdes、Nyboer, John、Urama, Kevin、Weir, Tony(2012)。Renewable Energy and Climate Change。Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
5.Pörtner, Hans-O.、Karl, David M.、Boyd, Philip W.、Cheung, William W. L.、Lluch-Cota, Salvador E.、Nojiri, Yukihiro、Schmidt, Daniela N.、Zavialov, Peter O.(2014)。Ocean Systems。Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change。Cambridge:Cambridge University Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
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