Lu Xun's "Abuse and Threats are not Fighting" is an essay of canonical status in Chinese left-wing literary criticism. The background of its composition and the criticism it drew after its publication are related to a debate that the Chinese League of Left-Wing Writers was involved in the 1930s, the complicated personnel conflicts within the League, and the Chinese Communist Party's effort to correct the policies adopted by the League. Hidden under these complicated conflicts and policy changes, are the differences of opinions and attitudes between Lu Xun and the League's major left-wing literary theorists and critics. Through the effect and the background of the composition of this essay, namely the debates about "freedom of literature" and "the third category" between the League and Hu Qiuyuan and Su Wen, and the Chinese Communist Party's attempt to change the League's close-door policy, this paper explores Lu Xun's awkward position in the League, the cause of the conflicts between Feng Xuefeng and Zhou Yang, and the differences of opinions about the relationship between literature and politics and differences of attitudes towards "fellow travellers" between Lu Xun and the literary theorists and actual leaders of the League. Lu Xun did not support the opinion that literary creation should be the mouthpiece of politics, but he did not think that Hu Qiuyuan ideas about "freedom of literature" was in accord with Plekhanov's Marxist literary theory, and that writers of "the third category" were true "fellow travellers.