鐵公路系統是重要基礎設施，對於國家經濟發展及民眾生活影響甚鉅。然而，氣候變遷衝擊日漸加劇，鐵公路系統受災風險不斷升高，實有必要掌握主要鐵公路系統在氣候變遷下之脆弱度及風險熱點，以利因應氣候變遷之衝擊。本研究參考國內外有關氣候變遷脆弱度及風險評估之文獻與經驗作法，依據 2014年之「第五次氣候變遷評估報告 (AR5)」定義脆弱度與風險的精神，進行主要鐵公路系統之脆弱度及風險評估。藉由水利署淹水潛勢及中央地質調查所地質災害潛勢等圖資之應用，聚焦於極端降雨，進一步建立主要鐵公路系統氣候變遷脆弱度及風險評估指標並產出脆弱度及風險地圖。期有助於相關機關掌握交通部門氣候變遷下調適重要課題並規劃相關作為。

The railway and highway systems are essential infrastructure for the national economic development and the people's life. However, the risks of damage to these systems are increasing with the aggravated impacts of climate change. To reduce the impacts on the railway and highway systems, we have to investigate the vulnerability and evaluate the risks caused by climate extreme firstly. This study reviewed domestic and international literatures and experiences relative to the vulnerability and risks of extreme events. According to the concept of vulnerability and risks in the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5), this study defined the vulnerability and risks of the railway and highway systems to assess impacts and the likelihood of disasters. Then, focused on the extreme rainfall, and used the flood potential maps from Water Resources Agency and the geological hazard potential maps from Central Geological Survey to build vulnerability and risk maps. The results could be good for the authorities of railway and highway systems to master the adaptation issues of climate change and plan the adaptation actions further.