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題名：Dicision-Making in the Public Sector: Hsinchu County Government Elderly Pension Case Study
書刊名：中華行政學報
作者：黃國敏 引用關係
作者(外文)：Hwang, Edward K.
出版日期：2016
卷期：19
頁次：頁33-49
主題關鍵詞：決策；臺灣；組織過程模式；政府政治模型；政治決策模型；Decision-making；Taiwan；Organizational process model；Governmental politics model；Political decision model
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決策乃是基於決策者的價值與偏好來設計與選擇方案的研究。決策同時也是設法減少相關方案的不確定性和疑惑以從中作合理選擇的過程。本文研究方法主要為自然無干擾觀察法與個案分析法。新竹縣政府自1994 年發放敬老福利津貼（俗稱老人年金）至今已累積三百九十八億負債。老人年金既然不是政府預算法定項目，邱鏡淳縣長於2016 年8 月30 日聲稱新竹縣政府必須遵守財政部、主計總處、與審計室的要求，因為財政窘境必須全面檢討老人年金、國中小學生免費教科書與免費營養午餐、以及其他非法定支出等社會福利；參酌老農健保制度，提高給付年齡、給付減半、或是停止給付都是未來可以討論的可能選項。老人年金自2016 年9 月延遲未付，須等下年度縣有土地標售後才有財源支付，而邱縣長在9 月26 日答覆監察委員時表示考慮將給付年齡從65 改為70 歲；這些都似乎暗示新竹縣老人年金遲早會被廢止。經由決策理論與新竹縣老人年金案例比較發現，組織過程模式與官僚政治模式最可以解釋新竹縣政府老人年金政策的決策過程。組織的標準作業程序與權力才是重點，新竹縣歷任縣長范振宗、林光華、鄭永金與邱鏡淳的老人年金決策主要是基於組織的SOPs 以及政治權力，更甚於民眾所期待的理性問政，尤其是鄭永金縣長的老人年金決策最具政治性。
Decision-making is the study of identifying and choosing alternatives based on the values and preferences of the decision-maker. Decision-making is also the process of sufficiently reducing uncertainty and doubt about alternatives to allow a reasonable choice to be made. Research methods used in this study include naturalistic (unobtrusive) observation and case study. The elderly pension has been issuing by Hsinchu County Government since 1994, and it causes 39.8 billion debt for HCCG. As the elderly pension is not the legal item for governmental budget, Magistrate Qiu Jingchun declared at August 30, 2016 that HCCG must be in accordance with the Ministry of Finance, General Accounting Office, the Audit Office requirements to comprehensively review the welfare for the elderly pension, elementary and junior high students free textbooks and free nutritious lunches, and other ＂non-statutory expenditure＂ for financial austerity. Referring to the elderly farmer health insurance, to raise the age threshold, issued even by half, or stop issuing is a question to discuss in the future. That elderly pension for September 2016 was delayed to issue and Magistrate Qiu considered pension age change from 65 to 70 before the end of 2016 when he answered members of Control Yuan at September 26, 2016; it seems to be a hint the elderly pension will be abolished sooner or later. Comparing the decision-making theories and the elderly pension policy case shows that the organization process model and bureaucratic politics model by Alison (1971) explain largely the decision-making in the elderly pension policy. The organizational SOPs and power do matter, and most decisions in the elderly pension policy made by Magistrates Fan, Lin, Zheng, and Qiu are all based on organizational process and political power more than rationality. Especially Magistrate Zheng made the elderly pension decision most politically.
期刊論文
1.Ramirez, M.(2009)。The Dynamics of Partisan Conflict on Congressional Approval。American Journal of Political Science，53(3)，681-694。  new window
2.Hua, T.(2009)。The Research on the Decision-making Constraints and Decision-making Behaviors in Public Policy。Journal of Tianjin Normal University (Social Science)，202，27-30。  new window
3.Bachrach, Peter、Baratz, Morton S.(1962)。Two Faces of Power。The American Political Science Review，56(4)，947-952。  new window
4.Innes, J.、Booher, D.(2004)。Reframing Public Participation: Strategies for the 21th century。Planning Theory and Practice，54，419-437。  new window
5.Li, K.、Wang, X.(2009)。The Determining Factors of U.S. Trade Policy toward China: A Political Economy Analysis Illustrated by the PNTR Bill。Economy Quarterly，8(2)，375-396。  new window
6.Lindblom, C.(1979)。Still Muddling, yet through。Public Administration Review，39(6)，517-526。  new window
7.Lindblom, Charles Edward(1959)。The Science of "Muddling Through"。Public Administration Review，19(2)，79-88。  new window
圖書
1.Clemen, R. T.(1996)。Making Hard Decisions: An Introduction to Decision Analysis。Duxbury Press。  new window
2.Adair, J.(2009)。Effective Decision Making: The Essential Guide to Thinking for Management Success。London：Pan Macmillan。  new window
3.Bass, B. M.(1983)。Organizational Decision making。Homewood, Ill.：Richard D. Irwin。  new window
4.Frederickson, H.、Smith, K.(2003)。The Public Administration Primer。Boulder, Colorado：Westview Press。  new window
5.McKenna, C. K.(1980)。Quantitative Methods for Public Decision Making。New York：McGraw-Hill Book。  new window
6.Golub, A. L.(1997)。Decision Analysis: An Integrated Approach。New York：John Wiley and Sons。  new window
7.Hibbing, J.、Theiss-Morse, E.(1995)。Congress as Public Enemy。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
8.Marshall, K. T.、Oliver, R. M.(1995)。Decision-making and Forecast: with Emphasis on Model Building and Policy Analysis。McGraw-Hill。  new window
9.Oettinger, M.、Price, A.(1978)。Steering the Course: Policymaking in the United States。Washington, D. C.：International Communication Agency。  new window
10.Robbins, S. P.(1995)。Supervision Today。Eaglewood Cliffs, NJ：Prentice Hall。  new window
11.Stillman, R. J.(1996)。Public Administration: Concepts and Cases。Boston：Houghton Mifflin。  new window
12.Wiarda, H. J.(1996)。American Foreign Policy: Actors & Processes。New York：Harper Collins。  new window
13.Jones, Bryan D.(1994)。Reconceiving Decision-Making in Democratic Politics。Chicago：University of Chicago Press。  new window
14.Harmon, Michael M.(1995)。Responsibility as Paradox: A Critique of Rational Discourse on Government。Sage Publications。  new window
15.Lawton, A.、Rose, A.(1991)。Organization and Management in the Public Sector。London：Pitman。  new window
16.Alexander, C.(1964)。Notes on the Synthesis of Form。Cambridge, MA：Harvard University Press。  new window
17.Allison, Graham T.(1971)。Essence of Decision: Explaining the Cuban Missile Crisis。Boston, Mass.：Little, Brown and Co.。  new window
18.Steinbruner, John D.(1974)。The Cybernetic Theory of Decision。Princeton University Press。  new window
19.Kraan, Dirk-Jan(1996)。Budgetary Decisions: A Public Choice Approach。Cambridge University Press。  new window
20.Dahl, Robert Alan(1961)。Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City。New Haven, CT：Yale University Press。  new window
21.Ordeshook, Peter C.(1986)。Game Theory and Political Theory: an Introduction。Cambridge University Press。  new window
22.Munger, M. C.(2000)。Analyzing Policy: Choices, Conflicts, and Practices。New York：W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
23.Christensen, C.(2003)。The Innovator's Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth。Harvard Business School Press。  new window
24.Rowe, A. J.、Boulgarides, J. D.(1992)。Managerial Decision-making: A Guide to Successful Decisions。New York：Macmillan。  new window
25.Simon, H.(1986)。Decision-making and Problem Solving。Washington, D.C.：National Academy Press。  new window
26.Stone, Deborah A.(2002)。Policy Paradox: The Art of Political Decision Making。W. W. Norton & Company。  new window
27.Lukes, Steven Michael(1974)。Power: A Radical View。Macmillan Press。  new window
其他
1.Harris, R.(1998)。Introduction to Decision-making，http://www.virtualsalt.com。  new window
圖書論文
1.Buelens, M.、Hooland, B.(1987)。The Public Manager as Decision-maker。Managing Public Organizations: Lessons from Contemporary European Experience。Thousand Oaks, CA：Sage。  new window
2.Meek, J.(2007)。Political Decision-making within Metropolitan Areas。Handbook of Decision-making。New York：Taylor & Francis。  new window
3.Smith, G.、May, D.(1997)。The Artificial Debate between Rationalist and Incrementalist Models of Decision-making。The Policy Process: A Reader。Prentice Hall：Harvester Wheatsheaf。  new window
 
 
 
 
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