狄更斯小說的衛生美學與社會實踐：《孤雛淚》的妓女議題與道德政治_

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題名：	狄更斯小說的衛生美學與社會實踐：《孤雛淚》的妓女議題與道德政治
書刊名：	中山人文學報
作者：	陳重仁
作者(外文)：	Chen, Chung-jen
出版日期：	2017
卷期：	43
頁次：	頁73-97
主題關鍵詞：	狄更斯；孤雛淚；妓女；性病；規訓；衛生；傳染；Dickens；Oliver Twist；Prostitution；Venereal disease；Discipline；Sanitation；Contagion
原始連結：	連回原系統網址
相關次數：	被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0) 排除自我引用:0 共同引用:2 點閱:8

本文企圖討論狄更斯小說中對於妓女的描繪、他多年親自參與營救與改造妓女及同時期的醫學論述，以論證何以維多利亞時期的醫療論述只看到女體而未曾看到病菌。他不若同時期不少社會觀察家熱衷觀察記錄妓女，作品中出現的妓女角色也經常隱諱帶過，不刻意突顯妓女工作的細節與職場生態。但小說家發自關懷的人文書寫風範，卻明顯地與立基於特定立場的性病研究與治療不同。他最具代表性的，是貧窮困苦的社會底層書，這其中所傳遞的人文關懷也是狄更斯廣受稱頌的關鍵因素。此外，小說中的社會關懷開啟了科學與人文兩道看似衝突的文明發展脈絡交錯融通的可能。他點出，貌似嚴守工具理性準則的醫療論述事實上是建立在種種偏見與歧視的預設立場，並透過人文的關懷將兩道論述路徑轉化為具有普世關懷對象與落實力道的社會實踐。

以文找文

This paper conducts a comparative reading of Dickens’ description of prostitutes in Oliver Twist, his involvement with the rescue and rehabilitation of prostitution at Urania Cottage, and medical discourse of sanitation in order to scrutinize the mentality in seeing the body but not observing the viruses within. Dickens revealed a realist approach in integrating the scientific narratives of morbidity with the humanistic accounts of compassion: first by distancing medical professionalism from moralist accounts of degeneration and then by transforming compulsory treatment of diseases of filth into social practice. By satirizing the precondition of stereotype based on falsely summoned instrumental rationality, Dickens highlighted the enlightenment fallacy built upon cosmic order of matter in place. Allocating his panorama array of characters to problematized scenario of contagion, the novelist materialized the humanitarian tradition of realism to the activation of benevolent practice. He garnered the momentum of negotiation and transformation both in his fictional world and the society. Dickens’ altruistic accounts of civilizing the potentially diseased bodies and liberating from restricted preferences contributed directly to the convergence of the two cultures of science and humanity.

以文找文

期刊論文
1.	陳重仁(20131200)。「所有的惡臭都是疾病」：論迪更斯《荒涼山莊》的衛生論述與道德經濟。文化研究，16，173-218。延伸查詢
2.	Humpherys, Anne(2002)。Knowing the Victorian City: Writing and Representation。Victorian Literature and Culture，30(2)，601-612。

圖書
1.	Smith, Andrew(2004)。Victorian Demons: Medicine, Masculinity and the Gothic at the fin de siècle。Manchester University Press。
2.	Poovey, Mary(1995)。Making a Social Body: British Cultural Formation, 1830-1864。Chicago, Illinois：University of Chicago Press。
3.	Gilman, Sander L.(1988)。Disease and Representation: Images of Illness from Madness to AIDS。Ithaca and London：Cornell University Press。
4.	Collins, Philip(1994)。Dickens and Crime。Macmillan。
5.	Walkowitz, Judith R.(1980)。Prostitution and Victorian Society: Women, Class, and the State。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。
6.	Nord, Deborah Epstein(1995)。Walking the Victorian Streets: Women, Representation, and the City。Cornell University Press。
7.	Auerbach, Nina(1982)。Woman and the Demon: The Life of a Victorian Myth。Cambridge, Massachusetts：Harvard University Press。
8.	Nead, Lynda(1988)。Myths of Sexuality: Representations of Women in Victorian Britain。Basil Blackwell。
9.	Goodlad, Lauren M. E.(2003)。Victorian Literature and the Victorian State: Character and Governance in a Liberal Society。The John Hopkins University Press。
10.	Rosen, George(1993)。A History of Public Health。Baltimore, Maryland：Johns Hopkins University Press。
11.	Acton, William(1870)。Prostitution, Considered in Its Moral, Social, and Sanitary Aspects, in London and Other Large Cities and Garrison Towns, with Proposal for the Control and Prevention of Its Attendant Evils。London：John Churchill。
12.	Ackroyd, Peter(1990)。Dickens。New York：Harper Perennial。
13.	Allen, Peter Lewis(2000)。The Wages of Sin: Sex and Disease, Past and Present。Chicago：Chicago University Press。
14.	Campkin, Ben、Cox, Rosie(2007)。Dirt: Geographies of Cleanliness and Contamination。I. B. Tauris。
15.	Bulteel, Christopher(1870)。The Contagious Diseases Acts Considered in Their Moral, Social and Sanitary Aspects。London：Robert Hardwicke。
16.	Bartley, Paula(2000)。Prostitution: Prevention and Reform in England, 1860-1914。Routledge。
17.	Barrinder, Patrick(2006)。Nation and Novel: The English Novel from Its Origins to the Present Day。Oxford：Oxford University Press。
18.	Dickens, Charles(2010)。Oliver Twist。New York：W.W. Norton。
19.	Dickens, Charles、王維君(2003)。孤雛淚。臺北：希代。延伸查詢
20.	Godfrey, Emelyne(2012)。Femininity, Crime and Self-Defence in Victorian Literature and Society: From Dagger-Fans to Suffragettes。Basingstoke, Hampshire：Palgrave Macmillan。
21.	Hartley, Jenny(2009)。Charles Dickens and the House of Fallen Women。London：Methuen。
22.	Hayden, Deborah(2003)。Pox: Genius, Madness, and the Mysteries of Syphilis。New York：Basic Books。
23.	McNeill, William H.(1989)。Plagues and Peoples。New York：Anchor Books。
24.	Mattern, Susan P.(2008)。Galen and the Rhetoric of Healing。Baltimore, MD：Johns Hopkins University Press。
25.	Lewis, Linda M.(2011)。Dickens, His Parables, and His Reader。Columbia, MO：University of Missouri Press。
26.	Krueger, Kate(2014)。British Women Writers and the Short Story, 1850-1930。Basingstoke, Hampshire：Palgrave Macmillan。
27.	Pittard, Christopher(2011)。Purity and Contamination in Late Victorian Detective Fiction。Ashgate。
28.	Nordau, Max(1895)。Degeneration。New York：D. Appleton。
29.	Pope, Norris(1978)。Dickens and Charity。Macmillan。
30.	Price-Smith, Andrew T.(2009)。Contagion and Chaos: Disease, Ecology, and National Security in the Era of Globalization。Cambridge, MA：MIT Press。
31.	Richardson, Ruth(2012)。Dickens and the Workhouse: Oliver Twist and the London Poor。Oxford：Oxford University Press。
32.	Slater, Michael(1983)。Dickens and Women。Stanford：Stanford University Press。
33.	Slater, Michael(2009)。Charles Dickens。Yale University Press。
34.	Spongberg, Mary(1997)。Feminizing Venereal Disease: The Body of the Prostitute in Nineteenth-Century Medical Discourse。New York：New York University Press。
35.	Tait, William(1842)。Magdalenism: An Inquiry into the Extent, Causes, and Consequences of Prostitution in Edinburgh。Edinburgh：P. Richard。
36.	Poovey, Mary(1988)。Uneven Developments: the Ideological Work of Gender in Mid-Victorian England。Chicago, Illinois：University of Chicago Press。

單篇論文
1.	Dickens, Charles(1849)。An Appeal to fallen Women。

圖書論文
1.	Allen, Michael(2008)。A Sketch of the Life。A Companion to Charles Dickens。Oxford：Blackwell。
2.	Janes, Dominic(2007)。Spiritual Cleansing: Priests and Prostitutes in Early Victorian London。Dirt: Geographies of Cleanliness and Contamination。I. B. Tauris。
3.	Wolkozitz, Carol(2007)。Linguistic Leakiness or Really Dirty? Dirt in Social Theory。Dirt: Geographies of Cleanliness and Contamination。I. B. Tauris。
4.	Tennyson, Alfred Lord(2012)。The Woman's Cause Is Man's。The Norton Anthology of English Literature。New York：W. W. Norton。

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