桌球運動不受體型天候季節限制，適合亞洲人發展，台灣在經過各方多年努力之下，近年來已與國際一流選手水平並駕齊驅，根據國際桌球總會 (International Table Tennis Federation, ITTF) 的最新排名，我國男女團隊成績已在世界十強之內，為亞奧運的重點項目。傳統認知上，桌球運動訓練主要以技戰術為主軸，過去幾年ITTF 陸續進行賽制規則與球具上的重大改革，增加來回球並提升競賽精彩度；選手為增加對戰的競爭性，除精進技戰術外，體能與身體素質的強化更為重要，方可因應強力桌球時代的來臨。桌球競賽為一項間歇運動，過去文獻發現其生理表現呈現高心跳率、低血乳酸表現的特性，本文回顧過去相關研究，針對競技桌球運動的比賽模式、生理需求與專項體能的特徵進行探討，並提出可結合高強度間歇訓練 (high intensity interval training, HIIT) 的特性，應用於桌球運動的體能訓練，作為相關教練選手訓練之參考，以期能提供更有效率的科學化訓練方式。

Table tennis is one of the sports suitable for the Asian population because there is no limit in terms of body statute. Both Taiwan male and female national table tennis team are among world top ten, and after years of efforts. Major project to Olympic Table Tennis Games and Asian Games for in Taiwan. Tradition training put emphasis technique. Since 2000, the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF) continually modified the rules and guideline, paddle and ball in order to increase rally and enhance the excitement of matches. Therefore, players should improve not only technique but also the specific physical abilities required for the powerful table tennis generation. This article provides a review of specific studies related to competitive table tennis sport. Through the discussion on of physiological characteristics and physical abilities, hopefully new insights into a scientific can be provided training for coaches and athletes.