臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫系統

:::

詳目顯示

回上一頁
第 1 筆 / 總合 1 筆   第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁
/1頁
題名：成長主題、意義化與臺灣成人心理成熟的關聯性初探
書刊名：中華輔導與諮商學報
作者：張繐礠／劉奕蘭 引用關係
作者(外文)：Chang, Hui-tuz／Liu, Yih-lan
出版日期：2017
卷期：49
頁次：頁79-112
主題關鍵詞：心理成熟；成長主題；社會認知成熟；社會情緒幸福感；意義化；Psychological maturity；Growth themes；Social-cognitive maturity；Social-emotional wellbeing；Meaningfulness
原始連結：連回原系統網址new window
相關次數：
  • 被引用次數被引用次數:期刊(0) 博士論文(0) 專書(0) 專書論文(0)
  • 排除自我引用排除自我引用:0
  • 共同引用共同引用:40
  • 點閱點閱:34
本研究依據Bauer和McAdams（2004a, 2004b）的觀點，將心理成熟定義為社會認知成熟及社會情緒幸福感等兩種人格發展類型，藉此探討台灣樣本的心理成熟特色，並檢視成長主題、意義化與心理成熟間的關聯性。研究樣本是透過滾雪球方式選取102位18～57歲的參與者，分別填寫Loevinger華盛頓造句測驗（WUSCT）、心理幸福感量表（PWB）、大五人格量表（BFI）及撰寫成長主題故事。研究將WUSCT所量測的自我發展階段視為社會認知成熟的指標，研究結果發現參與者的自我發展階段平均介於「自我意識」與「良心」之間，且年齡越大發展階段越高；至於心理幸福感所量測出的社會情緒幸福感程度，則反映出多數人認同日常生活中所帶來的正向情緒；但社會認知成熟與社會情緒幸福感間無關聯性。基本上，在高峰經驗中描述成就主題並能賦予事件意義化者，越能促進社會認知成熟度的提升；而描述學業挫折或工作表現不佳等低潮經驗，則會降低社會情緒幸福感的程度。此外，高峰經驗成就主題中的意義化能調節成長主題與社會認知成熟的關係。在輔導實務面上，建議啟發個體多元的自我價值及生命意義的建構，勿拘泥於學業及工作表現。
Based on concept of psychological maturity in personality psychology (Bauer & McAdams, 2004), this study defines two forms of personality development: social-cognitive maturity (SCM) and social-emotional well-being (SEWB). SCM deals with how complexly ones think about the self and others, and how their lives have organized in the world in increasingly complex ways. It is frequently measured by Loevinger's measure of ego development (Loevinger, 1976; Hy and Loevinger, 1996). SEWB, based on self-determination theory, deals with how good one feels about the self in a world of others (Ryan & Deci, 2001). SCM and SEWB were expected to relate differentially to two forms of growth themes: Agentic-grwoth tehms and Communal-growth themes. Agentic-growth themes (e.g., emphasizing power) correlated primarily with SCM, and communal-growth themes (e.g., emphasizing intimacy) correlated primarily with SEWB (Bauer & McAdams, 2004b). Growth themes from personal memories are narratives of specific events in a person's life. They complete with a visual image of the event and attendant thoughts and feelings that the person remembers experiencing at the time of the event (Brewer, 1986). Growth themes often provide meaning or even contribute to a sense of meaning. A strong sense of meaning is associated with well-being (Emmons, 2003). How people construct their growth themes and make meaning of these themes greatly depend on personality. This study explores the characteristics of psychological maturity in Taiwanese adults and examines the relationships among personality, growth themes, meaningfulness, and psychological maturity. 102 participants were recruited through snowball sampling from Taiwan. The participants' ages ranged from 18-57 years old (average age = 26.78; male, N = 44; married = 11; student = 57). The participants completed the scales of Washington University Sentence Completion Test (WUSCT), Psychological Well-being (PWB), and Big- Five Inventory (BFI), and they were asked to write down their life stories (Growth Themes). The participants completed a booklet typically took 2-6 hours to complete. Regression model was used to examine the meaningfulness would moderate the relationship between growth themes and ego development. Results showed that the average stage of ego development for participants was between Self-Aware stage and conscientious stage. Older participants displayed a higher level of ego development. Moreover, majority of people agreed with that life brings positive emotion in everyday. Consistent with previous findings, PWB and SCM were not significantly correlated. Furthermore, the results of regression analysis indicated that personality was positively correlated with social emotion well-being, but didn't correlate with meaningfulness. Extraversion personality was positively related to the growth themes derived from life stories. In the description of the peak experience in life stories, making meanings to achievement themes was positively correlated with SCM. On the other hand, when describing nadir experience, experiencing academic setback and poor job performance was negatively correlated with SWB. Finally, the meaningfulness moderated the relationship between growth themes and ego development for participants when describing achievement themes in peak experience. The overall findings are summarized in three parts. First, the non-significant relationship between SCM and SWB indicates that these two perspectives of maturity develop independently. Moreover, the two growth themes mapped differentially onto measures of SCM and SWB, suggesting that the different underlying reasons that people for their life experience relate to specific kinds of personality development. Second, Taiwanese adults describe the achievement themes more often than communion themes. When people describe more achievement themes in peak experiences, they tend to develop a higher level of ego development. Third, when people make more meaning of achievement themes in peak experiences, they tend to display a higher ego development.
期刊論文
1.Blagov, P. S.、Singer, J. A.(2004)。Four dimensions of self-defining memories (specificity, meaning, content, and affect) and their relationships to self-restraint, distress, and repressive defensiveness。Journal of Personality，72(3)，481-512。  new window
2.King, L. A.、Napa, C. K.(1998)。What makes a life good?。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，75(1)，156-165。  new window
3.McGregor, I.、Little, B. R.(1998)。Personal projects, happiness, and meaning: On doing well and being yourself。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，74，494-512。  new window
4.Bursik, K.(1991)。Adaptation to divorce and ego development in adult women。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，60，300-306。  new window
5.Westenberg, P. M.、Block, J.(1993)。Ego development and individual differences in personality。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，65，792-800。  new window
6.Kasser, Tim、Ryan, Richard M.(1996)。Further Examining the American Dream: Differential Correlates of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Goals。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，22(3)，280-287。  new window
7.王秀槐(20150500)。從「以我為榮」到「證明自己」：華人文化脈絡下知覺不同父母期待之大學生的生涯因應組型初探研究。輔導與諮商學報，37(1)，79-97。new window  延伸查詢new window
8.King, L. A.、Scollon, C. K.、Ramsey, C.、Williams, T.(2000)。Stories of life transition: Subjective well-being and ego development in parents of children with Down syndrome。Journal of Research in Personality，34，509-536。  new window
9.Abele, A. E.、Wojciszke, B.(2007)。Agency and communion from the perspective of self versus others。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，93(5)，751-763。  new window
10.Bauer, J. J.、McAdams, D. P.(2004)。Personal growth in adults' stories of life transitions。Journal of Personality，72(3)，573-602。  new window
11.Bauer, J. J.、McAdams, D. P.(2010)。Eudaimonic growth: Narrative growth goals predict increases in ego development and subjective well-being 3 years later。Developmental Psychology，46(4)，761-772。  new window
12.Bauer, J. J.、McAdams, D. P.、Sakaeda, A. R.(2005)。Interpreting the good life: Growth memories in the lives of mature, happy people。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，88(1)，203-217。  new window
13.Cicirelli, V. G.(1997)。Relationship of psychosocial and background variables to older adults' end-of-life decisions。Psychology and Aging，12，72-83。  new window
14.Finken, L. L.、Jacobs, J. E.(1996)。Consultant choice across decisions: Are abortion decisions different?。Journal of Adolescent Research，11，235-260。  new window
15.Helson, R.、Wink, P.(1987)。Two conceptions of maturity examined in the findings of a longitudinal study。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，53，531-541。  new window
16.Helson, R.、Roberts, B. W.(1994)。Ego development and personality change in adulthood。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，66，911-920。  new window
17.Loevinger, J.(1985)。Revision of the sentence completion test for ego development。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，48(2)，420-427。  new window
18.McAdams, D. P.、Reynolds, J.、Lewis, M.、Patten, A. H.、Bowman, P. J.(2001)。When bad things turn good and good things turn bad: Sequences of redemption and contamination in life narrative and their relation to psychosocial adaptation in midlife adults and in students。Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin，27(4)，474-485。  new window
19.McAdams, Dan P.、Pals, Jennifer L.(2006)。A New Big Five: Fundamental Principles for an Integrative Science of Personality。American Psychologist，61(3)，204-217。  new window
20.McAdams, D. P.、Hoffman, B. J.、Mansfield, E. D.、Day, R.(1996)。Themes of agency and communion in significant autobiographical scenes。Journal of Personality，64(2)，339-377。  new window
21.McAdams, Dan P.(1996)。Personality, Modernity, and the Storied Self: A Contemporary Framework for Studying Persons。Psychological Inquiry，7(4)，295-321。  new window
22.McLean, K. C.、Pratt, M. W.(2006)。Life's little (and big) lessons: identity statuses and meaning-making in the turning point narratives of emerging adults。Developmental Psychology，42(4)，714-722。  new window
23.Oleski, D.、Subich, L. M.(1996)。Congruence and career change in employed adults。Journal of Vocational Behavior，49，221-229。  new window
24.Root, M. D.、Moras, K.、Gordon, R.(1980)。Ego development and sociometrically evaluated maturity: An investigation of the validity of the Washingtion University Sentence Completion Test of ego development。Journal of Personality Assessment，44(6)，613-619。  new window
25.Rhodes, S. R.、Doering, M. M.(1993)。Intention to change careers: Determinants and processes。The Career Development Quarterly，42，76-92。  new window
26.Ryff, C. D.(1989)。Beyond ponce de leon and life-satisfaction: New directions in quest of successful ageing。International Journal of Behavioral Development，12(1)，35-55。  new window
27.Steinberg, L.、Cauffman, E.、Woolard, J.、Graham, S.、Banich, M.(2009)。Are adolescents less mature than adults? Minors' access to abortion, the juvenile death penalty, and the alleged APA "Flipflop"。American Psychologist，64(7)，583-594。  new window
28.Stagg, R.(2014)。The nadir experience: Crisis, transition, and growth。The Journal of Transpersonal Psychology，46(1)，72-91。  new window
29.Singer, J. A.(1995)。Seeing one's self: Locating narrative memory in a framework of personality。Journal of Personality，63，429-457。  new window
30.Sheldon, K. M.、Kasser, T.(2001)。Getting older, getting better? Personal strivings and psychological maturity across the life span。Developmental Psychology，37(4)，491-501。  new window
31.Wang, H. H.、Chen, H. T.、Hong, Z. R.、Yore, L. D.(2015)。An investigation of Taiwanese college students' personality traits and self-worth。Journal of Happiness Studies，16(6)，1593-1613。  new window
32.Thorne, A.、McLean, K. C.、Lawrence, A. M.(2004)。When remembering is not enough: Reflecting on self-defining memories in late adolescence。Journal of Personality，72，513-542。  new window
33.Loevinger, J.(1966)。The meaning and measurement of ego development。American Psychologist，21，195-206。  new window
34.Diener, Edward D.、Emmons, Robert A.、Larsen, Randy J.、Griffin, Sharon(1985)。The satisfaction with life scale。Journal of Personality Assessment，49(1)，71-75。  new window
35.Ryff, Carol D.(1995)。Psychological Well-Being in Adult Life。Current Directions in Psychological Science，4(4)，99-104。  new window
36.Ryff, C. D.、Keyes, C. L. M.(1995)。The structure of psychological well-being revisited。Journal of Personality and Social Psychology，69(4)，719-727。  new window
37.Ryff, Carol D.、Singer, Burton H.(1998)。The contours of positive human health。Psychological Inquiry，9(1)，1-28。  new window
38.McAdams, Dan P.(2001)。The psychology of life stories。Review of General Psychology，5(2)，100-122。  new window
39.劉奕蘭(20090300)。臺灣大學生的認知發展、人格特質、生活經驗及自我發展的關係：華盛頓大學造句測驗的應用。中華心理學刊，51(1)，57-80。new window  延伸查詢new window
40.Bauer, J. J.、McAdams, D. P.(2004)。Growth goals, maturity, and well-being。Developmental Psychology，40(1)，114-127。  new window
41.黃光國(20041200)。儒家社會中的生活目標與角色義務。本土心理學研究，22，121-193。new window  延伸查詢new window
42.Deci, Edward L.、Ryan, Richard M.(2000)。The "What" and "Why" of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior。Psychological Inquiry，11(4)，227-268。  new window
圖書
1.Bakan, D.(1966)。The Duality of Human Existence: Isolation and Communion in Western Man。Boston, Massachusetts：Beacon Press。  new window
2.Shaffer, D. R.(2002)。Developmental psychology: Childhood and adolescence。Belmont, CA：Wadsworth/Thomson Learning。  new window
3.Kumar, S. M.(2005)。Grieving mindfully: A compassionate and spiritual guide to coping with loss。Oakland, CA：New Harbinger。  new window
4.Flanagan, O.(1991)。Varieties of moral personality: Ethics and psychological realism。Cambridge, Massachusetts：Harvard University Press。  new window
5.Erikson, E. H.(1953)。Childhood and Society。New York：W. W. Norton and Company。  new window
6.Hy, L. X.、Loevinger, J.(1996)。Measuring ego development。Mahwah, NJ：Erlbaum Press。  new window
7.McAdams, D. P.(1993)。The stories we live by: Personal myths and the making of the self。New York：William Morrow Press。  new window
8.McAdams, D. P.(1985)。Power, intimacy, and the life story。New York：Guildford Press。  new window
9.Maslow, A. H.(1987)。Motivation and personality。Pearson Education。  new window
10.Loevinger, Jane(1976)。Ego development: Conceptions and theories。San Francisco：Jossey-Bass。  new window
11.Maslow, A. H.(1968)。Toward a psychology of being。New York：Van Nostrand Reinhold Company Inc.。  new window
12.Rambo, Lewis Ray(1993)。Understanding Religious Conversion。Yale University Press。  new window
13.Rogers, Carl R.(1961)。On becoming a person: A therapist's view of psychotherapy。Houghton Mifflin。  new window
14.Holland, J. L.(1973)。Making Vocational Choices: A Theory of Careers。Englewood Cliffs, NJ：Prentice-Hall。  new window
15.Aiken, Leona S.、West, Stephen G.、Reno, Raymond R.(1991)。Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions。Sage。  new window
16.Hair, J. F.、Anderson, R. E.、Tatham, R.、Black, W. C.、Babin, B. J.(2010)。Multivariate Data Analysis with Readings。Prentice Hall International。  new window
單篇論文
1.McLean, K. C.，Pratt, M. W.，August, M. W.(2004)。Revesion to meaning-marking scoring system，Santa Cruz：University of California。  new window
2.McLean, K. C.，Thorne, A.(2001)。Manual for coding meaning-marking in self-defining memories，Santa Cruz：University of California。  new window
3.Woike, B. A.(1993)。The relationship of implicit and explicit and explicit motives to most memorable daily experiences。  new window
圖書論文
1.John, O. P.、Srivastava, S.(1999)。The Big Five trait taxonomy: History, measurement, and theoretical perspectives。Handbook of personality: Theory and research。New York：Guilford Press。  new window
2.Brewer, W. F.(1986)。What is autobiographical memory?。Autobiographical memory。New York：Cambridge University Press。  new window
3.Brandtstadter, J.、Wentura, D.、Rothermund, K.(1999)。Intentional self-development through adulthood and later life: Tenacious pursuit and flexible adjustment of goals。Action and self-development: Theory and research through the life span。Thousand Oaks, CA：Sage。  new window
4.Emmons, R. A.(2003)。Personal goals, life meaning, and virtue: Wellsprings of a positive life。Flourishing: The positive person and the good life。American Psychological Association。  new window
5.Lerner, R. M.、Walls, T.(1999)。Revisiting Individuals as producers of their environment: From dynamic interactionalism to developmental systems。Action and self-development: Theory and research through the life span。Thousand Oaks, CA：Sage。  new window
6.Loevinger, J.(1998)。Technical foundations for measuring ego development: The Washington University Sentence Completion Test。Revision of the SCT: Creating form 81。Mahwah, NJ：Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Press。  new window
7.Rubin, D. C.、Wetzler, S. E.、Nebes, R. D.(1986)。Autobiographical memory across the adult lifespan。Autobiographical memory。Cambridge：Cambridge University Press。  new window
8.Ryan, R. M.、Deci, E. L.(2001)。To be happy or to be self fulfilled: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being。Annual Review of Psychology。Palo Alto, CA：Annual Reviews, Inc. Press。  new window
 
 
 
 
第一頁 上一頁 下一頁 最後一頁 top
:::
無相關著作
 
QR Code
QRCODE

臺灣人文及社會科學引文索引資料庫

目前上線人數：1001（臺灣：997，外國：4） ／ 本年度總使用人次：2156165 ／ 訪客人次（自102年09月）：67951555
國家圖書館著作權聲明 Copyright © 2013 All rights reserved.
本館地址: 100201臺北市中山南路20號． 本館地圖及交通資訊．
總機：(02)23619132．最佳瀏覽解析度為1024x768以上